Multiple Choice Questions

Heredity and Evolution

Updated for CBSE 2027
Board Exam Preparation
118+ Practice Questions
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Practice Questions with Answers

Total 118 questions available

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Q. 1
If T is for tallness and t for dwarfness, what shall be the genotype of a tall pea plant according to Mendelism?
A
Tt
B
TT
C
Either TT or Tt
D
tt
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Q. 2
Forelimb of frog, lizard, bird and man has some evolutionary relationship. This are
A
Homologous organs
B
Hand relationship
C
Missing links
D
Analogous organs
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Q. 3
Which of the following is a totally impossible outcome of Mendel’s Experiment (cross breeding pure bred tall and short pea plants)
A
4 tall plants and 1 medium-height plant.
B
3 tall 1 short plant
C
24 tall and 8 short plants
D
8 tall and 0 short plants
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Q. 4
The number of autosomes in a human body cell is
A
23
B
44
C
46
D
22
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Q. 5
What, according to Mendel, was responsible for the inheritance of specific traits?
A
Chromosomes
B
Factors
C
Genes
D
DNA
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Q. 6
Mutation is a
A
factor responsible for plant growth.
B
change that causes evolution when inherited
C
change which affects the parents only but never inherited
D
change which affects the offspring of F2 generation only
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Q. 7
The theory of Natural Selection was proposed by
A
Haldane
B
Lamarck
C
Darwin
D
Mendel
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Q. 8
What does a test cross determine?
A
The genotype of F₂ plant
B
Whether the two species will breed successfully or not
C
Number of alleles in a gene
D
Whether two traits are linked or not
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Q. 9
The theory of Natural Selection was proposed by
A
Haldane
B
Mendel
C
Lamarck
D
Darwin
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Q. 10
In peas, a pure tall (TT) is crossed with a pure short plant(tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to pure short plants in F₂ generation is:
A
2:1
B
1:1
C
3:1
D
1:3
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Q. 11
Genotype means :-
A
Genetic composition of the germ cell
B
Genetic composition of the individual
C
Genetic compositon of an organ
D
Genetic composition of plastids
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Q. 12
Which of the following can be called a characteristic?
A
Mango tree is multicellular
B
Plants can photosynthesise
C
We have 2 eyes
D
All of these
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Q. 13
A random change in the frequency of alleles in any population over several generations due to errors in the gametes is called
A
Genetic Drift
B
Genetic error
C
Genetic crash
D
Gene flow
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Q. 14
Which of the following statements is true?
A
The characteristics or traits of parents are transmitted to their progeny (offspring) through genes present on their chromosomes during the process of sexual reproduction.
B
The genes which dominate other genes are called dominant genes and the genes which get dominated are called recessive genes.
C
The progeny inherits two genes for each trait from its parent but the traits shown by the progeny depends on which inherited gene is dominant of the two.
D
All of the above
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Q. 15
Which of the following can be inherited from parents to offspring?
A
Swimming technique
B
Sculpted body
C
All of the above
D
Big nose
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Q. 16
An organism with two identical alleles of a gene in a cell is called :-
A
Domainant
B
Heterozygous
C
Homozygous
D
Hybrid
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Q. 17
Which one of the following statements is not true?
A
Excavating, time-dating, studying fossils, and determining DNA sequences are tools to study evolution.
B
Variations in the species may confer survival advantages or merely contribute to the genetic drift.
C
Classification of organisms is based on tracing evolutionary relationships.
D
Variations arising during the process of reproduction cannot be inherited.
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Q. 18
Which of the following plants did Mendel choose for his experiments?
A
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
B
Mirabilis jalapa
C
None of these
D
Pisum sativum
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Q. 19
With whom we associate theory of evolution?
A
Harold Urey
B
Charles Darwin
C
Mendel
D
Stanley Miller
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Q. 20
A segment of DNA providing information for a protein is called
A
trait
B
nucleus
C
gene.
D
chromosomes
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Q. 21
Who have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes?
A
Both girls and boys
B
Boys only
C
It depends on many other factors
D
Girls only
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Q. 22
The hereditary units are stretches of DNA called
A
genes
B
chromosomes
C
traits
D
characters
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Q. 23
If a plant is heterozygous for tallness, the F2 generation has both tall and dwarf plants. This proves the principle of :-
A
incomplete dominance
B
independent assortment
C
dominance
D
segregation
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Q. 24
The information source for making proteins in the cell is the
A
nucleus.
B
enzyme
C
DNA
D
chromosome
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Q. 25
If a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous dwarf plant, the proportion of dwarf progeny will :-
A
25%
B
100%
C
50%
D
75%
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Q. 26
A random change in the frequency of alleles in any population over several generations due to errors in the gametes is called
A
Genetic Drift
B
Genetic error
C
Genetic crash
D
Gene flow
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Q. 27
The year 1990 AD is highly significant for genetics due to :-
A
Discovery of genes
B
Principle of linkage
C
Chromosome theory of heredity
D
Rediscovery of Mendelism
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Q. 28
Which one of the following is not one of the direct conclusions that can be drawm from Mendel’s experiment?
A
For recessive trait to be expressed, both copies should be identical.
B
Natural selection can alter frequency of an inherited trait.
C
Only one parental trait is expressed
D
Two copies of each trait is inherited in sexually reproducing orgainsm
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Q. 29
The results of a test cross reveal that all the offspring resemble the parent being tested. This parent must be :-
A
homozygous
B
recessive
C
haploid
D
heterozygous
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Q. 30
If a genotype consists of different types of alleles, it is called
A
heterozygous
B
monoallelic
C
uniallelic.
D
homozygous
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Q. 31
Which of the following is not one of Mendel’s laws?
A
Law of independent assortment
B
Law of incomplete dominance
C
Law of segregation
D
Law of dominance
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Q. 32
The main reason of Mendel's successs in discovering the principles of inheritance was :-
A
The plant was pure breeding
B
He considered each character separately
C
He was lucky not to encounter linkage problem
D
All the above
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Q. 33
A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because:
A
Shortness is the dominant trait
B
Tallness is the recessive trait
C
Tallness is the dominant trait
D
Height of pea plant is not governed by gene 'T' or 't'
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Q. 34
What did Darwin observe regarding the similarity among individuals in a population?
A
It is rare for any two individuals to be exactly alike.
B
All individuals within a population are exactly alike.
C
All individuals within a population are genetically identical.
D
Individuals within a population tend to have very few variations.
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Q. 35
Which of the following is not controlled by genes?
A
None of the above
B
Hair colour
C
Height
D
Eye colour
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Q. 36
Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be:
A
No fertilisation
B
Cross fertilisation
C
Self pollination
D
Double fertilisation
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Q. 37
According to Darwin's observations, what tendency did individuals in populations exhibit regarding offspring production?
A
Individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than are needed to replace the parents.
B
Individuals tend to produce exactly the same number of offspring as their parents.
C
Individuals tend to produce far more offspring than are needed to replace the parents.
D
Individuals tend to produce offspring only when resources are abundant.
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Q. 38
Homologous organs have
A
Same structure, different function
B
Same function, different structure
C
Different structure, different function
D
Same structure, same function
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Q. 39
A section of DNA providing information for one protein is called—
A
Trait
B
Gene
C
Chromosomes
D
Nucleus
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Q. 40
_________ is the observable set of characteristics of an organism.
A
Genes
B
DNA
C
Phenotype
D
All of these
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Q. 41
What did Gregor Johann Mendel study to establish the laws of inheritance?
A
Garden pea plants
B
Bacteria
C
Mice
D
Drosophila flies
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Q. 42
Which individuals have greater chances of survival and reproduction, according to the passage?
A
Those with fewer variations
B
Those born with disadvantages in obtaining resources
C
Those with similar traits to their parents
D
Those with variations that present an advantage in obtaining resources or mates
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Q. 43
Which of the following is a recessive trait in pea plants?
A
Dwarf stem height
B
Violet flowers
C
Axial flowers
D
Inflated pods
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Q. 44
Diversity is quite high in organisms which produce through
A
Sexual reproduction
B
Asexual reproduction
C
Budding
D
Binary fission
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Q. 45
How life might have originated on earth was experimentally shown by
A
Oparin and Haldane
B
None of the above
C
Urey and Miller
D
Watson and Crick
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Q. 46
Mendel’s contribution to genetics was the
A
principle of genetic recombination
B
law of independent assortment of factors
C
theory of natural selection
D
principle of mutation
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Q. 47
When an individual is having both the alleles of contrasting characters it is said to be :-
A
Dioecious
B
Monoecious
C
Linked genes
D
Heterozygous
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Q. 48
If a couple has three daughters, what are the chances that the fourth child will be a son ?
A
50%
B
0%
C
75%
D
100%
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Q. 49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that Mendel studied in his experiments with pea plants?
A
Flower color
B
Stem height
C
Leaf shape
D
Seed texture
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Q. 50
Which one of the following traits is most likely to pass from one generation to other?
A
Artificial hair coloured by a mother during pregnancy
B
Acquired skills by a father
C
Brown eye colour
D
Six fingers in right hand of a person
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Q. 51
The Japanese are genetically the closest to
A
monkeys
B
gorillas
C
Indian schoolboys
D
chimpanzees
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Q. 52
The forelimbs of man, cat, bat and whale are
A
fossils
B
missing links
C
analogous organs
D
homologous organs
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Q. 53
Dominant alleles are expressed exclusively in a heterozygote, while recessive traits are expressed only if the organism is ________ for the recessive allele.
A
Heterozygous
B
None of the above
C
Homozygous
D
Normal
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Q. 54
The phenomenon where individuals of a species exhibit differences in characteristics are called:
A
Adaptation
B
All of these
C
Variation
D
Evolution
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Q. 55
The theory of Natural Selection was proposed by
A
Haldane
B
Mendel
C
Lamarck
D
Darwin
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Q. 56
Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RR yy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F₁ progeny that have round yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F₁ plants are self pollinated, the F₂ progeny will have a new combination of characters. Choose the new combinations from the following:
(i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, yellow
(iv) Wrinkled, green
A
(i) and (ii)
B
(ii) and (iii)
C
(i) and (iv)
D
(i) and (iii)
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Q. 57
Homologous organs have
A
Different structure, different function
B
Same structure, same function
C
Same function, different structure
D
Same structure, different function
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Q. 58
Frequency of certain _________ in a population changes over generations to bring evoultion.
A
members
B
progenies
C
genes
D
ideas
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Q. 59
Which chromosomes do not play any role in the determination of the sex of an individual?
A
Autosomes
B
Metacentric chromosomes
C
Acrocentric chromosomes
D
None of the above
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Q. 60
Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
A
Two children have different eye colour.
B
Reeta eats meat but her sister Geeta is a vegetarian.
C
One person is older than the other.
D
One person has a scar but his friend does not.
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Q. 61
VV, Vv and vv are ______ while violet and white are _________ .
A
genotypes, phenotypes
B
phenotypes, genotypes
C
genotypes, genotypes
D
phenotypes, phenotypes
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Q. 62
Forelimb of frog, lizard, bird and man has some evolutionary relationship. This are
A
Analogous organs
B
Missing links
C
Homologous organs
D
Hand relationship
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Q. 63
Forelimb of frog, lizard, bird and man has some evolutionary relationship. This are
A
Homologous organs
B
Hand relationship
C
Missing links
D
Analogous organs
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Q. 64
In humans, the sex Chromosomes comprises one pair of the total of 23 pairs of chromosomes. The other 22 pairs of chromosome are called:
A
All of these
B
Meiosis
C
Chromosomes
D
Autosomes
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Q. 65
Which of the following represents the characteristic of a pleiotropic gene?
A
Controls one character in association with the other.
B
Controls sexual characters.
C
Control more than one character.
D
Present only in prokaryotes.
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Q. 66
What determines the differences between the progeny and parents?
A
Variation
B
Genetics
C
Heritage
D
Inheritance
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Q. 67
Humans have two different sex chromosomes, X and Y. Based on Mendel's laws, a male offspring will inherit which combination of chromosomes?
A
Both the Y chromosomes from one of its parents
B
Combination of X chromosomes from either of its parents
C
Combination of X and Y chromosome from either of its parents
D
Both the X chromosomes from one of its parents
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Q. 68
From the list given below select the character which can be acquired but not inherited:
A
Nature of hair
B
Size of body
C
Colour of skin
D
Colour of eye
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Q. 69
A random change in the frequency of alleles in any population over several generations due to errors in the gametes is called
A
Genetic Drift
B
Genetic error
C
Genetic crash
D
Gene flow
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Q. 70
The process where characteristics are transmitted from parent to offsprings is called:
A
Gene
B
Allele
C
Variation
D
Heredity
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Q. 71
Mendel studied seven contrasting characters for his breeding experiment with Pisum sativum, which of the following character did he not use :-
A
Plant height
B
Pod colour
C
Leaf shape
D
Pod shape
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Q. 72
Which of these is not a part of Darwinism?
A
Use and disuse of organs
B
Natural selection
C
Overpopulation
D
Struggle for existence
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Q. 73
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A
Gene is a sequence of nucleotides.
B
Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence.
C
During the process of gene expression, DNA is first copied into RNA.
D
Genes cannot acquire mutations in their sequence.
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Q. 74
Amongst which of the following animals, sex of the offsprings not genetically determined?
A
Dogs
B
Humans
C
Birds
D
Snails
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Q. 75
What is the likely outcome for individuals with different variations, according to the passage?
A
They are less likely to survive and reproduce.
B
They are likely to remain unchanged.
C
They are more likely to have fewer offspring.
D
They are more likely to reproduce successfully.
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Q. 76
Which one of the following strongly indicates that bird and dinosaurs are closely related?
A
They both respire
B
They both reproduce
C
They both have eyes
D
They both have feathers
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Q. 77
Which one is a possible progeny in F2 generation of pure bred tall plant with round seed and short plant with wrinkled seeds?
A
Short plant with round seed
B
Tall plant with round seeds
C
Tall plant with wrinkled seeds
D
All of the above
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Q. 78
Analogous organs have
A
Same function, different structure
B
Same structure, same function
C
Different structure, different function
D
Same structure, different function
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Q. 79
The physical manifestation of an organism's genes is its :-
A
Phenotype
B
Genetic code
C
Genotype
D
Environment
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Q. 80
A Yellow and Round seeded pea plant has genotype YyRr. The gametes produced shall be
A
YR, yr
B
Yy, Rr
C
Y, y, R, r
D
YR, yR, Yr, yr
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Q. 81
Surgically removing tails of mice over several generations do not yield mice without tails.This proves that
A
Neither a nor b is correct
B
Both a and b are correct
C
Cutting tail does not cause genetic change. So it not inherited.
D
Acquired characters during ones own life are not inherited.
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Q. 82
Which pea plant characteristic did Mendel not use in his experiments?
A
Seed color
B
Pod length
C
Flower position
D
Seed shape
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Q. 83
The reason why some mutations, which are harmful, do not get eliminated from gene pool is that
A
they are dominant and show up more frequently
B
genetic drift occur because of a small population
C
they have future survival value.
D
they are recessive and carried by heterozygous individuals
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Q. 84
With whom we associate theory of evolution?
A
Stanley Miller
B
Charles Darwin
C
Harold Urey
D
Mendel
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Q. 85
After breeding tall and dwarf plants together, their offspring (F₁ generation) were bred with each other. The resulting plants had genotypes in which ratio?
A
3 dwarf : 1 tall
B
3 tall : 1 dwarf
C
1 heterozygous tall : 2 homozygous tall : 1 dwarf
D
1:2:1 (homozygous tall: heterozygous tall: dwarf)
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Q. 86
According to the passage, what leads to natural selection?
A
Lack of variations among individuals
B
Natural variations among individuals
C
Genetic mutations in offspring
D
Artificial selection by humans
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Q. 87
Allele that cannot express itself in presence of another is
A
recessive
B
complementary.
C
dominant
D
codominant
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Q. 88
What type of pollination did Mendel perform to understand the inheritance patterns of traits?
A
Wind pollination
B
Insect pollination
C
Self-pollination and cross-pollination
D
Water pollination
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Q. 89
The genetic constitution of an individual organism is called
A
gene
B
heredity
C
its genotype
D
its phenotype
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Q. 90
Mendel's laws apply only when :-
A
The character are linked
B
Parents are pure breeding
C
First pair of contrasting character is dependent upon other pairs
D
F1 in monohybrid cross shows two types of individuals
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Q. 91
What branch of biology focuses on the study of patterns of inheritance?
A
Evolution
B
Genetics
C
Ecology
D
Immunology
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Q. 92
How life might have originated on earth was experimentally shown by
A
Watson and Crick
B
None of the above
C
Oparin and Haldane
D
Urey and Miller
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Q. 93
Which scientist is known as the "Father of modern genetics" for his work in the field of genetics?
A
Charles Darwin
B
Gregor Johann Mendel
C
Louis Pasteur
D
Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Q. 94
Which of the following is not one of Mendel's laws of inheritance?
A
Law of dominance
B
Law of segregation
C
Heredity and Evolution - Google Docs
D
Law of independent variation
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Q. 95
What is the probability that a human progeny will be a boy?
A
56%
B
50%
C
It varies
D
47.34%
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Q. 96
If T is for tallness and t for dwarfness, what shall be the genotype of a tall pea plant according to Mendelism?
A
tt
B
TT
C
Tt
D
Either TT or Tt
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Q. 97
The number of pairs of sex chromosomes in a human diploid cell is
A
three
B
four
C
one
D
two
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Q. 98
Amongst which of the following animals, sex of the offsprings not genetically determined?
A
Birds
B
Dogs
C
Snails
D
Humans
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Q. 99
If in human a sperm (22+Y) fertilizes an egg (22+X), the sex of the foetus shall be
A
both
B
Male
C
Female
D
Either male or Female
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Q. 100
Who have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes?
A
Boys only
B
It depends on many other factors
C
Girls only
D
Both girls and boys
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Q. 101
The two versions of a trait which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on:
A
Any chromosomes
B
Sex chromosomes
C
Two different chromosomes
D
Copies of the same chromosome
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Q. 102
How life might have originated on earth was experimentally shown by
A
None of the above
B
Urey and Miller
C
Oparin and Haldane
D
Watson and Crick
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Q. 103
The science dealing with heredity and variations is called
A
embryology
B
phylogeny
C
palaeontology
D
genetics
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Q. 104
The number of autosomes in a human body cell is
A
44
B
22
C
23
D
46
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Q. 105
The number of autosomes in a human body cell is
A
23
B
44
C
46
D
22
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Q. 106
Mendel took ____ contrasting characteristics of pea plants.
A
Seven
B
eight
C
five
D
six
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Q. 107
If you were to sample garden pea plants in Mendel's garden, which of the following statements would hold?
A
Wrinkled seeds were more abundant than round seeds
B
Both round and wrinkled seeds were equally abundant.
C
Answer depends on the time of day when sampling is done.
D
Round seeds were more abundant than wrinkled seeds.
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Q. 108
Mendel conducted his hybridisation experiment with :-
A
Pigeon pea
B
Garden pea
C
Wild pea
D
Chick pea
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Q. 109
The genotype of a dominant parent is determined by crossing it with the recessive parent. This cross is called :-
A
test cross
B
long cross
C
out cross
D
back cross
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Q. 110
The number of pairs of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is:
A
1
B
3
C
4
D
2
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Q. 111
Segregation of alleles takes place during
A
crossing over.
B
fertilisation
C
cleavage
D
meiosis
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Q. 112
A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as:
A
TTWW
B
TTww
C
TtWw
D
TtWW
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Q. 113
A Yellow and Round seeded pea plant has genotype YyRr. The gametes produced shall be
A
Y, y, R, r
B
Yy, Rr
C
YR, yR, Yr, yr
D
YR, yr
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Q. 114
When a new plant is formed as a result of cross pollination from different varieties of a plant, the newly formed plant is called:
A
Mutant plant
B
All of these
C
Hybrid plant
D
Dominant plant
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Q. 115
The percentage of yr gamete produced by YyRr parent will be
A
12.5%.
B
25%
C
50%
D
75%
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Q. 116
The F2 phenotype ratio of a monohybrid cross studied by Mendel is
A
3:1
B
4:1
C
1:1
D
2:1
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Q. 117
In human beings, the statistical probability of having a male child is
A
50%
B
75%
C
60%.
D
25%
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Q. 118
Alleles are :-
A
Alternate forms of gene
B
Linked genes
C
Homologous chromosome
D
Chromosome that have crossed over
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