Multiple Choice Questions

Pastoralists in The Modern World

Updated for CBSE 2027
145+ Practice Questions
Notes

Practice Questions with Answers

Total 145 questions available

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Q. 1
What was a consequence of the Criminal Tribes Act?
A
It encouraged mobility
B
It allowed free movement
C
It restricted movement
D
It provided land rights
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Q. 2
What effect did colonial rule have on traditional authority in Maasai society?
A
Strengthened elders
B
Increased raiding
C
Created new leaders
D
Undermined authority
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Q. 3
How many Africans depend on pastoral activity for their livelihood?
A
Over 10 million
B
Over 15 million
C
Over 22 million
D
Over 20 million
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Q. 4
Why did Konkani peasants welcome herders?
A
They helped in kharif harvest
B
Dhangar flocks fed on stubble
C
They returned to the plateau with monsoons
D
Shepherds received supplies of rice
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Q. 5
Which of the following animals do Maasai primarily raise?
A
Horses and pigs
B
Sheep and rabbits
C
Cattle, camels, goats
D
Elephants and donkeys
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Q. 6
What was the primary responsibility of the Maasai warriors?
A
Administering justice
B
Protection of the tribe
C
Farming
D
Trading
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Q. 7
Dhangars were an important pastoral community of
A
U.P.
B
Maharashtra
C
Assam
D
Gujarat
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Q. 8
What was a key reason for the colonial government's distrust of nomadic people?
A
They were considered peaceful
B
They were easy to control
C
They were seen as criminal
D
They were economically stable
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Q. 9
Why did the colonial state want to transform all grazing lands into cultivated farms?
A
Land revenue was a main source
B
It could produce more jute, cotton
C
Both (a) and (b)
D
None of the above
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Q. 10
Which of the following was not a reason for Maasai loss of grazing lands?
A
Game reserves
B
Cultivated fields were converted into pasture lands
C
Imperial powers scramble for colonies
D
White settlements
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Q. 11
What significant change occurred to Maasailand during colonialism?
A
Increased agricultural output
B
Expansion of grazing lands
C
Creation of new markets
D
Loss of 60% of pre-colonial lands
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Q. 12
In the Konkan region, what do Dhangars provide to the fields?
A
Manure
B
Seeds
C
Pesticides
D
Water
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Q. 13
How did pastoralists respond to drought under colonial restrictions?
A
Increased trade
B
Moved freely to new areas
C
Expanded their herds
D
Experienced increased animal deaths
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Q. 14
What effect did colonial rule have on the social relationships of pastoralists?
A
Increased interactions
B
No impact
C
Adversely affected them
D
Strengthened ties
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Q. 15
What happened to pastoralists' access to markets during colonial rule?
A
Access increased
B
Banned from white areas
C
Allowed to trade freely
D
No change
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Q. 16
What tax was imposed on pastoralists during colonial rule?
A
Land tax
B
Sales tax
C
Grazing tax
D
Water tax
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Q. 17
Where do Gujjar cattle herders spend their winter?
A
High meadows
B
Low hills of Bhabar
C
Valley of Kashmir
D
Lahul and Spiti
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Q. 18
What defines nomadic pastoralists?
A
Gonds, Dhurwas, and Bhatros
B
Move from one place to another with their herds
C
Live in one place
D
Move from one area to another
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Q. 19
Which region do Gaddi shepherds migrate to for summer grazing?
A
Bhabar
B
Lahul and Spiti
C
Valley of Kashmir
D
Bugyals
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Q. 20
Which pastoral community is primarily associated with Maharashtra?
A
Gollas
B
Dhangars
C
Kurumas
D
Raikas
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Q. 21
What did the British colonial government do to administer Maasai affairs?
A
Banned cattle raiding
B
Imposed direct rule
C
Disbanded the tribe
D
Appointed elders as chiefs
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Q. 22
How did the colonial rule affect the traditional age distinctions in Maasai society?
A
Created new age groups
B
Strengthened the differences
C
Abolished age distinctions
D
Disturbed the differences
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Q. 23
What did pastoralists require to enter a forest under the new regulations?
A
A license
B
A pass
C
An invitation
D
A permit
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Q. 24
The social changes in Maasai society are that
A
the traditional difference based on age, between the elders and warriors, has been disturbed, but it has not broken down
B
a new distinction between the wealthy and the poor pastoralists has developed
C
both (a) and (b)
D
none of the above
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Q. 25
What new distinction emerged in Maasai society due to colonial rule?
A
Between men and women
B
Between farmers and herders
C
Between elders and warriors
D
Between rich and poor
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Q. 26
In which of the following states are Banjara's to be found?
A
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka
B
U.P., Punjab, Andhra Pradesh
C
Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
D
U.P., Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir
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Q. 27
What type of crops could be grown in the Dhangar's region during monsoon?
A
Bajra
B
Wheat
C
Rice
D
Cotton
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Q. 28
How did the pastoralists in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh adapt their activities?
A
By trading only
B
By combining activities
C
By focusing on agriculture
D
By herding only
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Q. 29
What do Dhangars do after harvesting bajra?
A
Sell cattle
B
Move to the plateau
C
Move to the Konkan
D
Start weaving blankets
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Q. 30
In what ways lives of Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir similar to that of Gaddi shepherds?
A
They Both have a similar cycle of seasonal movement
B
They both spend their winters on low hills of Siwalik range, grazing their herds in dry scrub forests
C
In April, they begin their upward journey again for their summer grazing grounds
D
All the above
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Q. 31
Camel grazing in western is practiced by –
A
Meenas
B
Raikas
C
Bhils
D
Gujjars
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Q. 32
Pastoralists were found in the
A
plateaus
B
plains
C
deserts
D
all the above
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Q. 33
What was a consequence of continuous intensive grazing?
A
Increased animal stock
B
Greater food supply
C
Improved pasture quality
D
Decline in pasture quality
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Q. 34
Protected forests were:
A
Forests which produced commercially viable timber
B
Access to these forests was prohibited
C
Pastoralists were granted grazing rights in these forests without preconditions
D
Customary rights were granted to pastoralists subject to severe restrictions on their movements
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Q. 35
Which is a significant feature of nomadic pastoralists?
A
Shifting cultivation
B
Live on the edges of forests
C
Cycle of seasonal movement
D
Continuously on the move
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Q. 36
How did pastoralists respond to the decline in pasture availability?
A
Moved to new pastures
B
Increased herd size
C
Stopped herding
D
Ignored the changes
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Q. 37
The Criminal Tribes Act was passed in:
A
1781
B
1871
C
1817
D
1787
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Q. 38
What happened to many pastoralists' livelihoods during scarcities?
A
They thrived
B
They moved to cities
C
They lost their livestock
D
They diversified their income
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Q. 39
Which of the following communities were primarily blanket weavers?
A
Gollas
B
Dhangars
C
Kurumas
D
Raikas
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Q. 40
It is a type of agriculture under which crops are grown to satisfy the needs of the local community -
A
Primary agriculture
B
Secondary agriculture
C
Subsistence agriculture
D
None of these
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Q. 41
What activity was commonly combined with herding by pastoralists?
A
Manufacturing
B
Mining
C
Trade
D
Fishing
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Q. 42
What were pastoralists forced to live within due to colonial rule?
A
Fixed reserves
B
Large grazing lands
C
Urban areas
D
Agricultural fields
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Q. 43
The reserved forest has mainly the trees of following types:
A
Keekar
B
Deodar and Sal
C
Sundari
D
Khezri
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Q. 44
Through various Forest Acts, some forests which produced commercially valuable timber like deodar and Sal were declared:
A
Protected
B
Unclassified
C
Reserved
D
None of the above
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Q. 45
Where do Raikas typically stay during the monsoon?
A
In their home villages
B
In the mountains
C
In the desert
D
In the coastal areas
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Q. 46
What percentage of cattle died during the severe droughts of 1933-34?
A
90%
B
25%
C
50%
D
75%
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Q. 47
What do Banjaras primarily seek when moving over long distances?
A
Water
B
Pastureland
C
Grain
D
Trade goods
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Q. 48
What is one of the primary products sold by Maasai pastoralists?
A
Wheat
B
Fish
C
Fruits
D
Milk and meat
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Q. 49
How did the colonial boundaries affect Maasai movement?
A
Allowed unrestricted movement
B
Restricted their movement
C
Increased grazing areas
D
No impact
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Q. 50
What was the tax imposed by colonists on pastoralists?
A
Salt tax
B
Land tax
C
Canal water tax
D
Grazing tax
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Q. 51
What kind of grazing land did the Maasai lose due to colonial policies?
A
Abundant and well-watered
B
Rich agricultural fields
C
Fertile and expansive
D
Semi-arid and uncertain
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Q. 52
What role do many ecologists believe pastoralism plays in certain regions?
A
Unsustainable livelihood
B
Economically viable
C
Detrimental to the environment
D
Outdated practice
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Q. 53
Which of these are the pastoral communities of the mountains?
A
Gujjars
B
Gaddis
C
Bhotiyas and Sherpas
D
All the above
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Q. 54
Where did the Raikas migrate to after restrictions on their movement?
A
Maharashtra
B
Karnataka
C
Haryana
D
Punjab
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Q. 55
According to the ‘Wasteland Rules’
A
Uncultivated lands were taken over
B
Individuals were granted concessions
C
Some became headmen of villages
D
All the above
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Q. 56
What was a significant factor for the movements of pastoralists?
A
Agricultural practices
B
Urban growth
C
Water and pasture availability
D
Technology
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Q. 57
What did colonial officials consider uncultivated land to be?
A
Productive
B
Protected
C
Unproductive
D
Valuable
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Q. 58
Where are the Raikas found?
A
Tamil Nadu
B
Delhi
C
Karnataka
D
Desert of Rajasthan
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Q. 59
The colonial state regarded grazing land as:
A
Reserved land
B
Woodland
C
Wasteland
D
Habitat of wild
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Q. 60
The continuous movement of the pastoral communities helps in
A
Recovery of the pastures
B
Prevention of their overuse
C
both (a) and (b)
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Q. 61
What was one adaptation made by pastoralists in modern times?
A
Abandoned their livestock
B
Combined pastoralism with other incomes
C
Exclusively farmed land
D
Stopped herding altogether
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Q. 62
Gollas of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are –
A
Buffalo keepers
B
Goat and Sheep herders
C
Cattle herders
D
Blanket weavers
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Q. 63
Kurumas and Kurubas are the pastoralists of :
A
West Bengal
B
Orissa
C
Karnataka and Andhra
D
Tamil Nadu
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Q. 64
Where were the Banjaras found?
A
Uttar Pradesh
B
Punjab, Rajasthan
C
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra
D
All the above
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Q. 65
Gujjar Bakarwals are pastoralists belonging to which region?
A
Jammu and Kashmir
B
Madhya Pradesh
C
Himachal Pradesh
D
Bihar
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Q. 66
Which of the following constitutes pastoral communities of Africa?
A
Chena, Milpa, Lading Dhya, Penda
B
Korava, Karacha, Yerukula
C
Bedouins, Berbers, Boran, Maasai, Somali, Turkana
D
Gollas, Kurumas, Kurubes, Dhangar, Gujjars, Gaddis
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Q. 67
What was one impact of the British colonial government on Maasailand?
A
Increased hunting rights
B
Enhanced grazing rights
C
Encouraged nomadic lifestyle
D
Promoted local peasant cultivation
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Q. 68
How did the grazing tax system change over time?
A
It was only applied to cattle
B
It became more efficient
C
It was abolished
D
It became less efficient
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Q. 69
The Maasais are cattle herders of:
A
Indonesia
B
South Africa
C
India
D
East Africa
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Q. 70
After 1947, which group faced movement restrictions due to new borders?
A
Raikas
B
Banjaras
C
Dhangars
D
Gollas
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Q. 71
Which parks were created on traditional Maasai grazing lands?
A
Kalahari and Namib
B
Kruger and Etosha
C
Amboseli and Tsavo
D
Maasai Mara and Serengeti
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Q. 72
Which of the following is a pastoralist community of Western India?
A
Hangars
B
Monpas
C
Raikas
D
Gollas
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Q. 73
What are Bugyals?
A
Vast meadows in high mountains
B
Dry forested area
C
Semi-arid region
D
Swampy wet coastal tracts
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Q. 74
Why did colonialism adversely affect pastoral trading activities?
A
Imposed restrictions
B
New trade routes opened
C
Increased demand for livestock
D
Improved infrastructure
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Q. 75
Since when were the ‘Wasteland Rules’ implemented in various parts of the country?
A
17th century
B
Late 19th century
C
Mid-19th century
D
Early 18th century
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Q. 76
When do the Gujjar Bakarwals start their journey to summer grazing grounds?
A
March
B
May
C
September
D
April
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Q. 77
Which Act restricted pastoralists' access to certain forests?
A
Criminal Tribes Act
B
Waste Land Rules
C
Grazing Tax Act
D
Forest Acts
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Q. 78
Where do the Gujjar Bakarwals spend the winter?
A
Valley of Kashmir
B
High meadows
C
Low hills of Siwalik range
D
Bhabar forests
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Q. 79
What was the reason for the seasonal rhythms of the movement of Gollas, Kurumas, and Kurubas?
A
Cold and the snow
B
Monsoon and dry season
C
Both (a) and (b)
D
None of the above
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Q. 80
What jobs did some poor pastoralists take up in towns?
A
Teaching
B
Mining
C
Charcoal burning
D
Trading livestock
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Q. 81
What impact did the expansion of agriculture have on pastoralists?
A
Enhanced livestock quality
B
Improved trade
C
Decreased grazing lands
D
Increased grazing lands
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Q. 82
Which other communities are mentioned as having similar migratory patterns?
A
Bhotiyas and Sherpas
B
Tharu and Bhoti
C
Gaddi and Kinnauris
D
All of the above
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Q. 83
How did pastoral communities adapt to changing conditions globally?
A
Stopped herding
B
Increased herd size
C
Ignored new laws
D
Altered movement patterns
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Q. 84
Life of the pastoral groups were sustained by
A
Correct judgement of how long the herds could stay in one area, know where to find water and pasture
B
Correct calculation of timing, their movements and ensuring they could move through territories
C
Setting up relationship with farmers on the way, so that the herds could graze
D
All the above
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Q. 85
How did appointed chiefs often accumulate wealth?
A
Through government salaries
B
By borrowing money
C
By participating in trade
D
By raiding other tribes
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Q. 86
Why were some forests classified as “protected”?
A
In these the customary grazing rights of pastorals were granted but their movements were severely restricted.
B
The colonial officials believed that grazing destroyed the saplings and young shoots of trees that germinated on the forest floor.
C
Both (a) and (b)
D
None of the above
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Q. 87
What did pastoralists traditionally do when pastures were exhausted?
A
Move to a different area
B
Sell their cattle
C
Stay put
D
Raise different animals
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Q. 88
Kafila refers to -
A
Boat of sailors
B
Group of pastoralists moving together
C
A ship of Merchants
D
A fort of Kafils
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Q. 89
What did colonial officials want to do with grazing lands?
A
Transform them into farms
B
Expand them
C
Protect them
D
Leave them unchanged
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Q. 90
What is "Bhabar"?
A
Dry forested area
B
Vast meadows
C
Thick forests
D
Semi-arid region
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Q. 91
Why were the Dhangars welcomed by the Konkani peasants?
A
They married off their children
B
The Dhangars brought bajra for them
C
Dhangar flocks manured their fields
D
None of the above
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Q. 92
Genealogists primarily:
A
Predict the future
B
Recount history of a community
C
Train camels
D
Recount history of a family
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Q. 93
When did the colonial government in India pass the Criminal Tribes Act?
A
1873
B
1872
C
1871
D
1874
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Q. 94
What allows the pastures to recover according to the text?
A
Crop rotation
B
Herd rotation
C
Seasonal movement
D
Water management
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Q. 95
Who are the primary pastoral nomads of Jammu and Kashmir?
A
Gujjar Bakarwals
B
Gaddis
C
Bhotiyas
D
Sherpas
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Q. 96
Where are Dhangars primarily found?
A
Maharashtra
B
Garhwal
C
Jammu and Kashmir
D
U.P. hills
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Q. 97
What is the primary reason for the cyclical movement of pastoral communities?
A
Cultural traditions
B
Pasture recovery
C
Weather changes
D
Economic factors
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Q. 98
Find the odd one out:
A
British officials were suspicious of nomadic people
B
To colonial officers, all grazing land appeared unproductive
C
Nomadic population was easy to identify and control
D
Nomadic were classified as criminal tribes
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Q. 99
What did 'Reserved' mean in the context of the Forest Acts?
A
Reserved for pastoralists
B
No pastoralist allowed access
C
Some communities allowed access
D
None of the above
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Q. 100
Konkan is located on the –
A
West coast of our country
B
East coast of our country
C
Southern most point of India
D
On Kerala coast
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Q. 101
How did colonial officials view pastoralists?
A
As skilled artisans
B
As dangerous and savage
C
As essential labor
D
As valuable trade partners
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Q. 102
How did poor pastoralists cope with the difficulties they faced?
A
Moved to cities
B
Gave up herding entirely
C
Became wealthy
D
Borrowed money from moneylenders
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Q. 103
The cyclical movement of mountain pastoralists is influenced by?
A
Cold and snow
B
Onset of monsoons
C
Dry season
D
Prospects of trade
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Q. 104
What led to a serious shortage of pastures for pastoralists?
A
Increase in animal stock
B
Expansion of cultivated fields
C
Decrease in rainfall
D
Improved grazing techniques
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Q. 105
What was the impact of the new territorial boundaries on pastoralists?
A
More water resources
B
Enhanced trade opportunities
C
Increased grazing lands
D
Limited mobility
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Q. 106
What was the relationship between pastoralists and farmers?
A
Hostile
B
Cooperative
C
Indifferent
D
Competitive
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Q. 107
What were the two main social categories in pre-colonial Maasai society?
A
Elders and traders
B
Elders and warriors
C
Chiefs and peasants
D
Farmers and herders
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Q. 108
It is a type of agriculture under which crops are grown and consumed by the farmer’s family -
A
Primary agriculture
B
Subsistence agriculture
C
Secondary agriculture
D
None of these
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Q. 109
Which types of land were classified as 'Reserved' by the colonial government?
A
Productive farmland
B
Commercial timber forests
C
Urban areas
D
Grazing lands
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Q. 110
What challenge did poor pastoralists face during times of war and famine?
A
Better trade opportunities
B
New job opportunities
C
Resource depletion
D
Increased livestock
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Q. 111
Where were pastoralists typically found?
A
Plateaus
B
Plains
C
Deserts
D
All of the above
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Q. 112
Which of the following statements is true about pastoralists' survival?
A
They completely vanished
B
They stopped herding entirely
C
They continued to thrive
D
They became settled farmers
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Q. 113
How many cattle did the Maasai have in 1930 according to an inquiry?
A
500,000
B
820,000
C
1 million
D
720,000
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Q. 114
What is the term used for the group formed by several households during migration?
A
Kafila
B
Ghar
C
Bugyal
D
Saman
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Q. 115
Which community herds cattle in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh?
A
Gollas
B
Raikas
C
Banjaras
D
Dhangars
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Q. 116
In which century did many Gujjar Bakarwals migrate to Jammu and Kashmir?
A
19th
B
17th
C
18th
D
20th
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Q. 117
What was a key challenge for pastoralists like the Raikas?
A
Excessive rainfall
B
Predictable harvests
C
Fluctuating harvests
D
Urbanization
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Q. 118
Where is the Bedouin community primarily found?
A
Jammu
B
Africa
C
Jawa
D
Indonesia
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Q. 119
How did young men become recognized as part of the warrior class?
A
By settling disputes
B
By farming
C
By raiding cattle
D
By trading goods
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Q. 120
The alternation of monsoon and dry season defines the rhythm of which pastoralists?
A
Gujjar Bakarwals
B
Berbers
C
Gaddis
D
Gollas
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Q. 121
Which crop is usually harvested after March?
A
Stubble
B
Kharif
C
Zaid
D
Rabi
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Q. 122
The main areas of Maasai cattle herders of Africa are –
A
Nigeria
B
Egypt
C
Cango
D
Kenya & Tanzania
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Q. 123
Which community is primarily associated with herding goats and sheep?
A
Sherpas
B
Gaddi Shepherds
C
Gujjar Bakarwals
D
Bhotiyas
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Q. 124
Which crop was sown by the Dhangars in the central plateau of Maharashtra?
A
Bajra
B
Rice
C
Wheat
D
Jowar
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Q. 125
Which of the following vast natural pastures are on the high mountains, above 12000 ft?
A
Niligiris
B
Bhabar
C
Satpuras
D
Bugyals
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Q. 126
How did the reservation of forests affect pastoralists?
A
Increased grazing areas
B
Enhanced movement
C
Limited access to forage
D
Improved animal health
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Q. 127
When was Massailand divided between British Kenya & German Tanganyika?
A
1885
B
1889
C
1883
D
1887
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Q. 128
What were pastoralists banned from doing in white areas?
A
Herding cattle
B
Entering markets
C
Grazing on lands
D
All of the above
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Q. 129
What seasonal condition defines the movement of the Dhangars?
A
Snow
B
Flooding
C
Drought
D
Monsoon
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Q. 130
What did the colonial government rely on black labor for?
A
Mining and construction
B
Agriculture
C
Manufacturing
D
Trade and transport
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Q. 131
Group of Raikas, that herded camels were known as –
A
Balu Raikas
B
Raikas of Barmer
C
Maldhani Raikas
D
Maru Raikas
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Q. 132
What was the effect of losing grazing lands on the Maasai community?
A
Improved pasture quality
B
Decreased animal health
C
Enhanced social relations
D
Increased water resources
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Q. 133
What happened to the animal stock due to limited pasture?
A
Declined
B
Increased health
C
Expanded
D
Stabilized
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Q. 134
Where are Gujjar cattle herders originally from?
A
Rajasthan
B
Goa
C
Jammu
D
Himachal Pradesh
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Q. 135
What did richer pastoralists begin to do as a response to changes?
A
Sell their cattle
B
Increase their herd size
C
Move to urban areas
D
Buy land and settle down
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Q. 136
The title Maasai derives from _______ and two special features of this tribe are
A
The word in Maa ‘Maasai’ means ‘My People’
B
They are nomadic and pastoral, and depend on milk and meat for subsistence
C
High temperature and low rainfall have made their land dry, dusty, and extremely hot with droughts being a common feature
D
All the above
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Q. 137
What was a common consequence of drought for pastoralists?
A
Growth of pastures
B
Lower trade prices
C
Increased animal stock
D
Starvation of cattle
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Q. 138
What did the expansion of agriculture lead to for the Maasai?
A
Loss of pasturelands
B
Economic prosperity
C
Increased livestock count
D
Better trade opportunities
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Q. 139
Where did the community of Raikas live?
A
Along the western coastal areas
B
In Maharashtra
C
In the Rann of Kachchh
D
In the deserts of Rajasthan
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Q. 140
What restrictions were imposed on pastoralists by the colonial government?
A
Open trade in markets
B
Special permits required
C
Increased grazing lands
D
Free movement
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Q. 141
Which region is primarily inhabited by the Maasai?
A
Northern Africa
B
Southern Africa
C
East Africa
D
West Africa
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Q. 142
What do Maru Raikas primarily herd?
A
Cattle
B
Camels
C
Sheep
D
Goats
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Q. 143
In which way did the Forest Acts change the lives of pastoralists?
A
Movements regulated
B
Required permits for entry
C
Specified timings for entry and departure
D
All the above
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Q. 144
Which of the following factors contributed to changes in pastoralist lifestyles?
A
Decrease in livestock
B
Favorable weather conditions
C
New laws
D
Stable agricultural practices
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Q. 145
How do pastoralists sustain their livelihood?
A
Herding
B
Cultivation
C
Trade
D
All of these
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