What is story writing in Class 10 English?

Story writing in Class 10 English is the creative art of crafting narratives with characters, settings, plot, conflict, and resolution, often conveying a moral or message. For WBBSE exams, students write short stories (150-200 words) that demonstrate narrative skills, creativity, and language proficiency. Stories typically follow a structure: beginning (introduction of characters and setting), middle (development of plot with conflict or problem), climax (turning point or peak tension), and ending (resolution with moral lesson). Exam questions might provide a title, opening sentence, concluding sentence, or moral to guide the story. Common themes include honesty, kindness, perseverance, wisdom, consequences of actions, and problem-solving. Story writing tests imagination, organizational ability, character development, dialogue creation, descriptive writing, and message delivery. It differs from other writing forms by requiring creative invention while maintaining logical plot progression. Good story writing engages readers emotionally, creates vivid scenes, develops relatable characters, builds appropriate tension, and concludes satisfyingly. This skill develops creativity, empathy, and communication abilities valuable beyond academics. For exam success, practice various story types, study moral lessons, build vocabulary for emotions and actions, and learn to craft complete narratives within word limits.

What are the essential elements of a good story?

A good story contains six essential elements working together harmoniously. First, characters - the people or beings in your story. Create relatable, believable characters with clear motivations, distinct personalities, and realistic reactions. Develop a protagonist (main character) readers care about. Second, setting - when and where the story takes place. Establish this early through descriptive details: 'On a foggy autumn morning in a small village...' Setting creates atmosphere and context. Third, plot - the sequence of events forming the story. Include a clear beginning, middle, and end with logical progression. Fourth, conflict or problem - the challenge, obstacle, or difficulty the protagonist faces. This creates tension and reader interest: external conflicts (character versus nature, society, another character) or internal conflicts (character versus self, moral dilemma). Fifth, climax - the story's turning point or moment of highest tension where the conflict reaches its peak. Sixth, resolution - how the conflict is solved and the story concludes, often including a moral lesson or message. Additional important elements include dialogue (makes characters real), vivid descriptions (engage readers' senses), appropriate pacing (not too rushed or too slow), and a meaningful theme or moral. These elements combine to create engaging, complete narratives that entertain while conveying deeper meaning.

How do you start writing a story?

Starting a story effectively is crucial for engaging readers immediately. For exam situations, analyze the question first - is there a given title, opening line, moral, or concluding sentence? Use these as guides. If starting from scratch, begin with an attention-grabbing opening. Several techniques work well: Start with action: 'The bus lurched to a sudden stop, throwing passengers forward.' Start with dialogue: '"We're lost," whispered Rahul, looking at the darkening forest around them.' Start with description: 'The old mansion loomed against the stormy sky, its broken windows like hollow eyes.' Start with an interesting situation: 'When Priya found the wallet filled with money, she faced the hardest decision of her life.' Introduce your main character and setting quickly: 'Ravi was a poor but honest farmer who lived in the village of Rampur.' Establish the story's tone immediately - humorous, serious, mysterious, adventurous. Avoid weak openings like 'Once upon a time' (too childish for Class 10) or excessive background: 'This is a story about...' Hook readers with something intriguing, then provide necessary context as the story unfolds. Plan your story briefly before writing - jot down character, main conflict, climax, and resolution. This 1-2 minute planning ensures coherent narrative without getting stuck mid-story during exams.

What is the structure of a short story for exams?

A short story for Class 10 exams typically follows a five-part structure within 150-200 words. The Beginning/Exposition (20-30 words, 2-3 sentences) introduces the main character, setting, and situation: 'Amit was a bright student who often helped his classmates. One day, he found his friend Rohit cheating during an examination.' The Rising Action (40-60 words, 4-6 sentences) develops the plot and introduces the conflict or problem. The story progresses toward the climax with increasing tension: 'Amit was shocked and confused. Rohit was his best friend, but cheating was wrong. The teacher was busy at her desk, hadn't noticed. Amit's mind raced - should he inform the teacher, confront Rohit, or stay silent?' The Climax (30-40 words, 2-3 sentences) is the turning point or moment of highest tension where the main character makes a crucial decision or faces the biggest challenge: 'Taking a deep breath, Amit made his decision. He quietly approached the teacher's desk and informed her about what he had witnessed.' The Falling Action and Resolution (40-50 words, 3-4 sentences) shows the outcome and consequences: 'The teacher discreetly handled the situation. Though Rohit was initially upset, he later thanked Amit for stopping him from a bigger mistake.' The Conclusion/Moral (15-20 words, 1-2 sentences) provides the lesson: 'Amit learned that true friendship means helping friends make right choices, even when it's difficult.'

How do you develop characters in a short story?

Developing characters in a short story requires efficiency - create vivid, believable characters quickly within word limits. Give your protagonist a clear identity with a name, age/stage of life, and relevant background: 'Meera, a hardworking teenager,' or 'Mr. Sharma, the kind elderly shopkeeper.' Establish one or two key personality traits through actions rather than just telling: Instead of 'He was brave,' show it: 'Without hesitation, Ravi jumped into the river to save the drowning child.' Use dialogue to reveal character: A selfish character might say 'What's in it for me?' while a generous one asks 'How can I help?' Show motivations - why characters act as they do: 'Desperate to pay for her mother's medicine, Priya considered taking money that wasn't hers.' Include internal conflict or moral dilemma for depth: 'Part of him wanted to keep the treasure, but his conscience protested.' Make characters relatable with universal emotions: fear, joy, guilt, pride. For secondary characters, brief but distinctive details suffice: 'his cheerful neighbor,' 'the strict teacher,' 'her mischievous younger brother.' Avoid stereotypes - add unexpected dimensions: the strict teacher who secretly loves poetry, the rich man who remembers his poor childhood. Show character growth through the story - how the protagonist changes from beginning to end. In short stories, a few well-chosen details create memorable characters more effectively than lengthy descriptions.

What role does dialogue play in story writing?

Dialogue serves multiple crucial functions in story writing. First, it reveals character personalities, emotions, and relationships more naturally than description. A character's word choice, tone, and what they say shows who they are: Compare 'Hand over the money!' versus 'Excuse me, would you mind helping me with some change?' - instantly different characters. Second, dialogue advances the plot efficiently: 'The bridge collapsed last night. We'll have to find another route' moves the story forward quickly. Third, it breaks up narrative, making stories more engaging and easier to read than solid blocks of description. Fourth, dialogue creates realism - people in real life talk, so characters should too. Fifth, it builds tension in conflict scenes: arguments, confrontations, crucial conversations. Sixth, dialogue can reveal information naturally rather than through authorial explanation: 'I heard they're closing the factory next month' informs readers through character interaction. For exams, keep dialogue realistic but concise. Format correctly with quotation marks and new paragraphs for each speaker. Attribute dialogue clearly: 'said Ravi' or 'she replied.' Use dialogue tags that reveal emotion: 'he whispered nervously,' 'she exclaimed joyfully.' However, don't overuse dialogue - balance it with narration and description. Not every word needs to be quoted; summarize less important conversations. Effective dialogue makes characters come alive and stories more engaging.

How important is the moral or message in story writing?

The moral or message is extremely important in Class 10 story writing as most exam questions expect stories with clear lessons. Morals provide meaning beyond entertainment, demonstrating wisdom and values. Common morals include: honesty is the best policy, greed leads to downfall, unity is strength, perseverance overcomes obstacles, kindness brings rewards, wisdom triumphs over force, appearances can be deceiving, pride comes before a fall, actions have consequences. The moral should emerge naturally from the story rather than feeling forced or artificial. Build your plot so the moral is demonstrated through character actions and consequences: For 'honesty is the best policy,' show a character choosing honesty despite temptation, and benefiting from that choice. The moral often appears explicitly in the final sentence or two: 'And thus Ravi learned that true wealth lies in character, not possessions' or 'The villagers realized that working together achieved what none could alone.' However, some sophisticated stories convey morals implicitly through the narrative without stating them directly. For exam safety, explicit morals are recommended unless you're confident in your subtle storytelling. Sometimes exam questions provide the moral you must illustrate: 'Write a story showing All that glitters is not gold.' Build your entire plot to demonstrate this lesson convincingly. A clear, meaningful moral elevates a story from mere entertainment to literature that teaches and inspires.

How do you write a story from a given beginning?

Writing a story from a given beginning requires reading the opening carefully to understand established elements - characters, setting, tone, situation. Example: 'It was a dark, stormy night when Rahul heard a strange knock at the door.' This establishes: nighttime, bad weather, protagonist named Rahul, element of mystery/suspense. Your story must continue naturally from this opening, maintaining consistency in tone (mysterious), tense (past), and character. Plan quickly: Who's at the door? Why is this significant? What conflict will arise? How will it resolve? What moral will emerge? Develop the plot logically: perhaps an unexpected visitor seeking help, testing Rahul's character. Build tension: Rahul's hesitation, mysterious visitor's urgent request, complications arising. Include a climax: crucial decision or dramatic moment. Resolve meaningfully: positive outcome with a lesson learned. Maintain consistent narrative voice and tense throughout - if the beginning uses past tense and third person, continue with those. Reference details from the opening in your continuation: 'Despite the raging storm outside...' shows coherence. The given beginning often hints at the story type - mysterious openings suggest suspense, dialogue openings suggest character-focused stories, action openings suggest adventure. Use these clues to shape your narrative. Conclude within word limit (typically 150-200 words total including the given beginning), ensuring complete plot with satisfying ending. Practice various given beginnings to develop skill in quick plot development and continuation.

How do you write a story ending with a given sentence?

Writing a story that must end with a specific sentence requires working backward from that conclusion. Read the given ending carefully to understand what it reveals: the story's tone, outcome, moral, or situation. Example: 'And that day, Meera learned that honesty truly is the best policy.' This tells you: protagonist named Meera, female, story about honesty, likely she faced a choice between honesty and dishonesty, and ultimately her honest choice proved beneficial. Plan your plot to naturally lead to this conclusion: Setup - establish Meera's character and normal situation. Introduce conflict - she faces a temptation or situation testing honesty (finding money, witnessing wrongdoing, admitting a mistake). Develop rising action - show her internal struggle, pressures to be dishonest, and reasons for both choices. Climax - Meera chooses honesty despite difficulty or personal cost. Falling action - immediate consequences of her choice, perhaps initially negative. Resolution - the ultimate positive outcome showing honesty was right, leading naturally to the given final sentence. Ensure the ending sentence flows smoothly from your preceding sentence - no abrupt jumps. The sentence before might be: 'The principal praised Meera's integrity, and her parents were proud of her courage.' Then: 'And that day, Meera learned that honesty truly is the best policy.' Practice this technique with various ending sentences to develop flexibility. This challenges your planning and organizational skills, ensuring every story element serves the predetermined conclusion.

What are common story writing mistakes to avoid?

Several mistakes commonly weaken student story writing. First, no clear plot or conflict - stories that are merely descriptions of events without challenge or tension lack engagement. Every story needs a problem to solve. Second, weak or absent endings - stopping abruptly without resolution or forgetting to include a moral when required. Third, inconsistent tense shifts - jumping between past and present tense confuses readers. Choose one tense (usually past) and maintain it. Fourth, too many characters or plot threads in a short story - keep it focused with 2-3 main characters and one primary conflict. Fifth, excessive length in introduction while rushing the climax and conclusion - balance story parts appropriately. Sixth, unrealistic or unbelievable plot developments - coincidences or magical solutions that don't flow logically. Seventh, vague, generic descriptions - 'He was a good person' rather than showing goodness through actions. Eighth, dialogue written unrealistically or formatted incorrectly without quotation marks and proper attribution. Ninth, no clear moral or meaningful message - especially problematic when exams expect this. Tenth, poor time management - starting to write without planning, getting stuck midway, running out of time. Eleventh, not following question requirements - ignoring given elements like required title, opening, or ending. Twelfth, grammatical errors and spelling mistakes that disrupt flow. Avoid these through careful planning, practicing complete story structure, proofreading, and learning from sample stories.

How do you write descriptive passages in a story?

Descriptive passages in stories create vivid settings, establish atmosphere, and engage readers' senses, but must balance detail with brevity in exam contexts. For settings, use specific details that evoke mental images: Instead of 'a beautiful garden,' write 'a garden where roses bloomed in scarlet and pink, their sweet fragrance filling the air.' Engage multiple senses: sight (colors, shapes), sound (birds chirping, leaves rustling), smell (fresh rain, cooking food), touch (rough bark, smooth stone), occasionally taste. Use figurative language judiciously: similes ('the moon shone like a silver coin'), metaphors ('the forest was a dark blanket'), personification ('the wind whispered secrets'). Show emotions through physical sensations: 'Her heart pounded, palms sweating' conveys fear more powerfully than 'She was scared.' For characters, select telling details rather than complete descriptions: 'wrinkled hands that had worked decades in fields' suggests age, hard work, perseverance. However, in short exam stories (150-200 words), descriptions must be concise. Include descriptive phrases within action rather than stopping narrative for lengthy descriptions: 'Ravi walked through the crowded market, dodging vendors and their colorful displays of fruits and vegetables' describes setting while advancing plot. Prioritize descriptions that serve the story - atmospheric details creating mood relevant to plot, character descriptions revealing personality traits important to the story. Avoid purple prose - overly flowery, excessive description that slows the story unnecessarily. Every descriptive word should earn its place by adding meaning, atmosphere, or clarity.

How do you create tension and suspense in a short story?

Creating tension and suspense makes stories engaging even within short word limits. Several techniques work effectively. First, introduce uncertainty or danger early: 'Priya had only two hours to find her lost brother before the storm hit.' This immediately raises stakes and creates urgency. Second, use foreshadowing - hint at trouble ahead: 'Little did she know that this decision would change everything,' or 'The old woman's warning echoed in his mind.' Third, employ time pressure: countdowns, approaching deadlines, running out of options. 'With every passing minute, their chances grew slimmer.' Fourth, withhold information strategically - don't reveal everything immediately: 'The stranger's face was hidden in shadows' creates mystery. Fifth, show character stress through internal thoughts: 'What if I'm wrong? What if it's too late?' Sixth, use short, punchy sentences during high-tension moments: 'He ran. Faster. The footsteps behind grew louder.' Longer sentences work for calmer moments. Seventh, create obstacles - just when resolution seems near, introduce new complications. Eighth, employ dramatic irony - let readers know something characters don't: 'While Amit searched the house, he didn't notice the hidden figure watching from the garden.' Ninth, use atmospheric description: 'The forest grew darker, sounds becoming strange and threatening.' Finally, delay resolution slightly - don't solve the problem too easily or quickly. Build to climax gradually. These techniques maintain reader interest and emotional investment even in very short narratives.

What types of stories are commonly asked in exams?

Class 10 exams feature several story types based on moral lessons and themes. Moral-based stories illustrate proverbs and sayings: 'All that glitters is not gold' (appearances deceive), 'Honesty is the best policy,' 'A stitch in time saves nine' (prompt action prevents bigger problems), 'United we stand, divided we fall,' 'Pride comes before a fall,' 'Slow and steady wins the race,' 'Look before you leap.' Personal experience stories involve memorable events: an unexpected adventure, learning an important lesson, facing and overcoming a challenge, a moment of realization or growth. Problem-solving stories show characters facing difficulties - poverty, natural disaster, injustice - and finding creative solutions. Character transformation stories depict someone learning from mistakes: a greedy person learning generosity, a proud person learning humility, a dishonest person learning integrity. Fantasy or imaginative stories might involve magical elements: a wish granted, a magical object, talking animals (though less common at Class 10). Adventure stories involve journeys, unexpected events, or exciting incidents. Social theme stories address contemporary issues: environmental conservation, helping others, standing against wrongdoing. Exam questions might provide: a complete title ('The Day I Helped a Stranger'), an opening sentence, a concluding sentence, or a moral to illustrate. Practicing diverse types ensures flexibility to handle any exam question confidently and creatively.

How do you write a story based on a proverb or moral?

Writing a story based on a proverb requires understanding the moral deeply, then crafting a plot that demonstrates it convincingly. Example: 'A stitch in time saves nine.' First, understand the meaning: addressing small problems immediately prevents them from becoming larger problems. Second, brainstorm scenarios illustrating this: a student ignoring small study gaps leading to exam failure, a villager ignoring a small leak in the dam leading to disaster, someone ignoring minor health symptoms developing serious illness. Third, select a clear, relatable scenario. Fourth, create a protagonist who makes the mistake of ignoring a small problem: 'Ravi noticed a small crack in his bicycle tire but thought, "It's tiny, I'll fix it later."' Fifth, show how this neglect leads to bigger consequences: 'Next day, rushing to school, the small crack expanded. The tire burst suddenly, causing Ravi to fall and injure his leg. He missed an important examination.' Sixth, include realization: 'As he sat with his bandaged leg, Ravi understood his father's old advice: "A stitch in time saves nine." Had he spent five minutes fixing that small crack yesterday, he would have avoided this disaster.' Seventh, conclude with the moral explicitly stated or strongly implied. The key is making the connection between proverb and story obvious - readers should clearly see how the plot demonstrates the moral lesson. For exams, this type tests comprehension of wisdom, creative application, and narrative skills simultaneously.

How should time and pacing be managed in short stories?

Time management and pacing are crucial in short exam stories (150-200 words). Effective pacing maintains reader engagement while telling a complete story efficiently. Cover days or weeks in a sentence: 'For three months, Amit saved every rupee he earned.' Slow down for crucial moments, using more words and sensory details: 'He stood at the crossroads, heart pounding, palms sweating. Left meant safety; right led into unknown danger. Seconds felt like hours as he wrestled with the decision.' This contrast emphasizes important moments. Use time transitions to skip less important periods: 'The next morning,' 'After a week of searching,' 'By sunset,' 'Years later.' Don't get trapped describing every minor action - prioritize plot-advancing events. Balance story parts: roughly 15% beginning (setup), 35% rising action (developing conflict), 20% climax (peak moment), 20% falling action (immediate aftermath), 10% resolution/moral. This prevents spending excessive words on introduction while rushing the ending. Monitor word count as you write. If reaching 120 words but still in rising action, you're spending too long on setup - move faster toward climax. Practice helps develop an internal sense of appropriate pacing. In exams, allocate time to complete stories: if you have 20 minutes, spend 2-3 minutes planning, 15 minutes writing, 2-3 minutes reviewing. Proper pacing ensures complete, satisfying stories that engage readers from start to finish.

How do you write story titles effectively?

Effective story titles attract attention, hint at content, and set appropriate tone. Sometimes exam questions provide titles; when they don't, create titles that serve your story. Several approaches work well. Action-based titles use verbs: 'Finding Courage,' 'Learning to Forgive,' 'Saving the Village.' These suggest dynamic stories. Character-focused titles: 'The Honest Farmer,' 'Grandmother's Wisdom,' 'The Brave Girl.' Setting-based titles: 'At the Railway Station,' 'The Haunted House,' 'Beyond the Mountains.' Moral-based titles directly state the lesson: 'Honesty Pays,' 'The Reward of Kindness,' 'When Pride Leads to Fall.' Intriguing titles create curiosity: 'The Mysterious Package,' 'An Unexpected Friend,' 'The Secret Behind the Door.' Proverb-based titles use the saying itself: 'All That Glitters Is Not Gold,' 'A Stitch in Time.' Time-based titles: 'One Fateful Day,' 'The Night Everything Changed,' 'A Memorable Journey.' Good titles are concise (3-8 words typically), relevant to the story content, appropriate for tone (serious titles for serious stories, lighter titles for humorous ones), and meaningful (avoiding vague titles like 'A Story' or 'Something Happened'). Avoid overly complex or clever titles that confuse rather than intrigue. The title should make readers want to read the story while honestly representing its content. If the exam provides a title, ensure your story clearly connects to and justifies that title throughout the narrative.

What vocabulary and language techniques enhance story writing?

Rich, appropriate vocabulary and varied language techniques elevate story writing significantly. Build vocabulary in key areas: Emotion words beyond 'happy' or 'sad' - 'ecstatic,' 'melancholy,' 'anxious,' 'confident,' 'desperate,' 'relieved.' Action verbs stronger than 'walk' or 'say' - 'strode,' 'whispered,' 'exclaimed,' 'murmured,' 'dashed,' 'crept.' Descriptive adjectives beyond 'good' or 'bad' - 'magnificent,' 'dreadful,' 'ancient,' 'peculiar,' 'vibrant.' Use figurative language judiciously: Similes compare using 'like' or 'as' - 'as brave as a lion,' 'the stars twinkled like diamonds.' Metaphors make direct comparisons - 'time is money,' 'her words were knives.' Personification gives human qualities to non-human things - 'the wind howled angrily,' 'the sun smiled down.' However, avoid clichés like 'white as snow' - create fresh comparisons. Vary sentence structure - mix short, punchy sentences ('He stopped. Turned. Gasped.') with longer, flowing ones ('As the sun set behind the mountains, painting the sky in shades of orange and pink, she realized her journey was far from over'). Use the active voice primarily ('She opened the door') rather than passive ('The door was opened by her'). Include sensory details appealing to five senses. Use dialogue to break up narration. However, prioritize clarity over complexity - never use words you don't fully understand just to sound sophisticated. One simple word used correctly beats one complex word used incorrectly. Read widely to absorb varied vocabulary and techniques naturally.

How should you conclude a story effectively?

An effective story conclusion provides satisfying resolution while often including a meaningful moral or lesson. The conclusion should feel earned - growing naturally from the plot rather than appearing sudden or forced. Several elements make conclusions work well. First, resolve the main conflict clearly: if the problem was finding a lost item, show it being found; if it was making a difficult choice, show the choice made and its outcome. Second, show consequences of character actions: the honest person receives unexpected reward, the greedy person faces loss, the brave person saves others. Third, include character reflection or realization: 'Sitting alone, Priya finally understood her mother's repeated advice about the value of patience.' Fourth, state or strongly imply the moral lesson: 'And thus Ravi learned that true wealth lies in relationships, not possessions' or 'That day changed everything - honesty had proven truly the best policy.' Fifth, create emotional satisfaction - readers should feel the story reached a natural end point. Avoid weak endings like: 'And then I woke up - it was all a dream' (cop-out ending); abrupt stops without resolution; introducing new problems or characters; or merely summarizing events already narrated. The final sentence should have weight and meaning, leaving readers with something to ponder. In exam contexts, always conclude within word limits while ensuring completeness - better a brief but complete ending than a rushed, unfinished story. Strong conclusions demonstrate your ability to plan and execute complete narratives.

How can you practice story writing effectively for exams?

Effective story writing practice involves systematic, regular effort. First, practice with actual exam questions - past years' papers provide typical prompts and requirements. Second, write complete stories within time limits (15-20 minutes) and word limits (150-200 words) to simulate exam conditions. Third, practice various story types: moral-based, given beginning, given ending, title-based. Variety ensures adaptability. Fourth, study model stories from textbooks and guides, analyzing their structure, character development, conflict, resolution, and language. Fifth, create a bank of morals and proverbs with brief plot ideas for each. Example: 'Honesty is the best policy - story about finding money and returning it despite needing it.' This preparation helps during exams when time is limited. Sixth, build vocabulary lists organized by category: emotions, actions, descriptions, dialogue tags. Review regularly. Seventh, practice writing strong openings and satisfying conclusions separately to master these crucial elements. Eighth, seek feedback from teachers or peers - have them identify weaknesses in plot logic, character development, or language. Ninth, keep a writing journal, regularly writing short pieces about daily observations or imagined scenarios. This builds fluency. Tenth, read widely - good stories teach by example. Note how published authors handle dialogue, describe settings, create suspense, and resolve conflicts. Consistent practice builds confidence, improves quality, and develops the quick planning ability essential for exam success.

STORY WRITING

Updated for Madhyamik 2027

Board Exam Preparation

25+ Study Notes

0 MCQs25 Notes

1.Structure and Format

Beginning: Set the scene, introduce characters
Middle: Develop plot with conflict/problem
Climax: Turning point or peak of tension
Resolution: Solve the problem or conflict
Ending: Satisfying conclusion with moral/message

2.Key Components

Interesting characters with clear motivations
Engaging plot with conflict and resolution
Vivid setting and descriptive details
Dialogue to show character and advance plot
Clear moral or message (often required for exams)

3.Writing Tips

Start with an attention-grabbing opening
Use sensory details to make story vivid
Show, don't tell - use actions and dialogue
Maintain consistent point of view
End with a memorable conclusion or twist

4.Sample Examples

Based on proverbs: "All that glitters is not gold"
Moral stories: Honesty, Kindness, Perseverance
Adventure stories with problem-solving
Stories with given opening lines or endings
Real-life inspired narratives with lessons

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General Notes & Introduction

25 study notes available

STORY WRITING

STORY WRITING - LIST 1. A farmer and a Goose. Hints: A farmer – lived in a village – brought up goose – gave him – a golden egg...

A farmer and a Goose. Hints: A farmer – lived in a village – brought up goose – gave him – a golden egg – every day – sold golden egg...

A Cowboy and a Wolf / A Naughty Shepherd Boy Hints: A shepherd boy – watched sheep – saw a wolf – shouted for help –...

Clever Fox and Foolish Goat Hints: A fox – hungry – saw a goat – tricked goat – asked goat to climb a rock – goat fol...

Lord Buddha and the Mother Hints: A woman – lost her son – went to Buddha – begged to bring him back – Buddha asked...

The Woodcutter and the River-God Flow Chart: A woodcutter – dropped axe in river – prayed to River-God – God offered...

The Sun and the Wind Hints: Wind and Sun argued – tested strength on traveler’s coat – wind blew hard – traveler tigh...

The Man and the Quarrelling Sons Hints: An old farmer – worried about his lazy sons – told them about hidden treasur...

The Crow and the Pitcher / A Thirsty Crow Hints: A thirsty crow – found a pitcher – water too low – crow dropped pebb...

The Hare and the Tortoise Hints: A hare – fast and proud – challenged tortoise to race – hare slept – tortoise kept go...

Old Lady and Her Physician Hints: Old woman – sick – went to physician – asked for cure – physician advised exercise...

Capseller and the Monkey Hints: A capseller – sold caps – monkeys took caps – capseller tried to get them back – monk...

The Dog and His Shadow / The Greedy Dog Hints: A dog – holding meat – saw his reflection in water – thought it was ano...

The Fox and the Grapes Hints: A fox – saw grapes hanging – tried to reach them – jumped and failed – gave up – said gr...

A Lion and a Mouse Flow Chart: A lion – caught a mouse – mouse begged for freedom – lion released it – later lion caug...

The Selfish Donkey Hints: A donkey – carrying heavy load – felt jealous of his master’s comfort – refused to work – m...

Who Will Bell the Cat? Hints: Mice – wanted to protect themselves from a cat – young mouse suggested tying a bell on...

A Fox and Crane Hints: Fox invited crane for dinner – served food in shallow dish – crane couldn’t eat – next time c...

A Snake and a Hermit Hints: A snake – about to bite a hermit – hermit advised it to change its nature – snake became h...

A King’s Lesson from a Spider Hints: A king – wanted to know about life’s struggles – met a spider – saw it struggling...

A Farmer and His Idle Sons Hints: A farmer – worked hard and became rich – sons were lazy – farmer worried about their...

Three Master Artists Hints: Three artists – competing to prove who was the best – first painted flowers – second paint...

Reward of Work Flow Chart: A farmer – worked hard in his field – his crops grew well – earned a good living – while ot...

The Hermit and the Mouse Flow Chart: A hermit – found a mouse in need – took care of it – mouse lived happily in the h...

STORY WRITING

Key Topics & Concepts

1.Structure and Format

2.Key Components

3.Writing Tips

4.Sample Examples

General Notes & Introduction

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