Forest Society and Colonialism

Forest Society and Colonialism

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQ)

1. What is deforestation? Ans:- Deforestation is the clearing or disappearance of forests. 2. When did deforestatio...

11. How much railway track was laid in India by 1946? Ans:- By 1946, over 765,000 km of railway track had been laid...

21. How did villagers use forest products? Ans:- Villagers used forest products for food, medicine, tools, and craft...

31. How did the forest department affect traditional jobs? Ans:- The forest department took control of the forests,...

41. What do some villages do to protect their forests? Ans:- Some villages hire watchmen to protect their forests, an...

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SAQ)

1. What are some major reasons for deforestation in India, especially during colonial times? Ans:- Deforestation in...

2. Why was there a high demand for timber in England during the 19th century, and how did it affect Indian forests? A...

3. What was 'scientific forestry'? Mention its essential features. Ans:- Scientific forestry entailed the removal of...

4. How did forest rules affect shifting cultivation? Ans:- i. European colonialism significantly influenced shifting...

5. Mention any three causes of deforestation in India under the colonial rule. Ans:- Three causes of deforestation...

6. What were the three categories of the forest that were divided after the amendment of Forest Act in 1878 in India?...

7. Discuss in brief the Saminist movement of Indonesia. Ans:- i. The Saminist movement was initiated by Surontiko S...

8. What did the colonial government do to properly control and manage the forest resources in India? Ans:- To overse...

9. With the help of an example, show how new opportunities of work did not always mean improved condition of the people...

10. 'New opportunities of work did not always mean improved well-being for the people'. Explain with examples. Ans:-...

11. How did the forest rules affect cultivation? Ans:- i. European colonialism greatly influenced shifting cultiva...

12. How did the expansion of railways in India contribute to deforestation? Ans:- The expansion of railways in India...

13. What were the main reasons for the British to establish a commercial forestry system in India? Ans:- The British...

14. How did the concept of "scientific forestry" impact Indian forests during the colonial period? Ans:- "Scientific...

15. How did the Forest Act impact the daily lives of villagers living near forests? Ans:- The Forest Act severely im...

16. How did the new forest laws change hunting practices and affect wildlife in India? Ans:- The new forest laws mad...

17. How did the changes in forest control impact the lives and livelihoods of local communities in India? Ans:- The...

18. How did the people of Bastar view their land and forests, and what practices did they follow to protect these resour...

19. How did the forest reservation in Bastar in 1905 affect the local people, and what actions did they take in response...

20. What were the different forest acts made by Britishers to control the forests ? Ans:- The various forest acts e...

21. Explain why did the Dutch adopt the ‘scorched earth policy’ during the war. Ans:- i. The First and Second World...

22. How did the British suppress the rebellion in Bastar? What was a major victory for the rebels? Ans:- The British...

23. Differentiate between the customary practice of hunting and hunting as a sport in India, after the Forest Acts were...

24. Discuss the link between war and deforestation. OR Give three ways in which forests in India and Java were affect...

25. Why did land under cultivation increase during colonial rule? Ans:- i. British colonial policies promoted the...

26. What did Dietrich Brandis suggest for the improvement of forests in India? Ans:- i. Dietrich Brandis supported...

27. What was taught at the Imperial Forest Research Institute? How was this system carried out? Ans:- i. The Imperi...

28. How did the spread of railways from the 1850s in India, create a new demand for timber? OR Why was the railway ne...

29. Why were the people of Bastar dissatisfied with the forest policies of the British? Ans:- The people of Bastar...

30. Who were the Kalangs? Why did they attack the Dutch forts at Joana? Ans:- i. The Kalangs were a skilled communi...

31. What were the consequences of the forest laws which the Dutch enacted in Java? Ans:- i. Dutch forest laws limit...

32. Mention different things that come from forests. Ans:- i. Forests provide materials for various products, inclu...

33. Why were forests cut during the colonial period? Ans:- i. Oak forests were crucial for constructing ships for t...

34. Why was a vast quantity of timber needed in Europe in the early nineteenth century? Ans:- By the early nineteent...

35. How did forest rules affect the villagers across the country? Ans:- Forest regulations made life difficult for v...

36. Who were the Kalangs of Java? Write a short note on them. Ans:- The Kalangs of Java were adept at forest cutting...

37. What were forest villages? Ans:- Forest villages were communities permitted to stay within reserved forests in r...

38. Which factors led to the expansion of cultivation in the colonial period? Ans:- During the colonial period, cult...

39. Describe four provisions of the Forest Act of 1878. Ans:- i. The Forest Act of 1878 classified forests into th...

40. Why did the people of Bastar rise in revolt against the British? Explain. Ans:- i. In 1905, the colonial gover...

41. "A growing population in England was responsible for deforestation in India." Justify the statement. Ans:- i....

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LAQ)

1. What new trends and developments have affected the forestry of today? Ans:- i. Since the 1980s, governments in As...

2. What is shifting cultivation? Why did the European foresters regard this practice as harmful for the forests? Ans...

3. How did the new forest laws affect the forest dwellers? Ans:- A. Divergent Perspectives on Forest Management: i...

4. Discuss the new developments in forestry after the 1980s. Ans:- i. Since the 1980s, governments in Asia and Afr...

5. What is deforestation? Why is it considered harmful? Ans:- Meaning of Deforestation: Deforestation refers to the...

6. How forest of Java were affected by Dutch colonialists? Describe how farms for rice cultivation in Java expanded?...

7. Where is Bastar located? Discuss its history and its people. Ans:- i. Bastar is located in the southern region...

8. Describe scientific forestry. Ans:- A system of tree cutting overseen by the forest department involves cutting d...

9. Why did commercial forestry become important during the British rule? Ans:- i. Commercial forestry became signif...

10. Explain how did the First World War and the Second World War have a major impact on forests? Ans:- The First an...

11. Who was appointed as the first Inspector General of Forests in India? Explain any three reforms introduced by him....

12. How did commercial farming led to a decline in forest cover during colonial period? Ans:- i. During the coloni...

13. How did the local people look after and protect the forests in Bastar region? Ans:- i. In the Bastar region, l...

14. Mention the causes of deforestation in India under the colonial rule. Ans:- Deforestation escalated considerabl...

15. How was colonial management of forests in Bastar similar to that of Java? Ans:- i. The colonial government imp...

16. “The introduction of extremely exploitatives and oppressive policies proved to be a disaster.” With reference to Bas...

17. Discuss the rise of commercial forestry under the colonial governments. Ans:- i. British Concerns About Forest...

18. How did the transformation in the forest management during the colonial period affect the following? (a) Pastoral...

19. What is shifting agriculture? Why was it regarded as harmful by the British? Ans:- i. Shifting agriculture, al...

20. What was the impact of regulation of trade in forest products by the British government in India? Ans:- Trade in...

21. In what ways did the development of railways and shipbuilding during colonial rule affect the forests in India? A...

22. What was the Blandongdiensten system? Ans:- i. The Dutch introduced the Blandongdiensten system in Java to fulf...

23. What are the new developments in forestry? Ans:- i. Since the 1980s, governments in Asia and Africa have changed...

24. Enlist five facts about the people of Bastar. Ans:- i. Bastar, located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh,...

25. Describe why the people of Bastar rebelled against the colonial government? Ans:- The people of Bastar rebelled...

26. How did the following contribute towards the decline of forest cover in India between 1880-1920? (a) Railways an...

NCERT SOLUTION

1. Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people: (a) Shi...

2. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java? Ans:- The similar...

3. Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million...

4. Why are forests affected by wars? Ans:- Forests are affected by wars for several reasons. i. Increased Re...

SUMMARY

Introduction Forests play a crucial role in improving our environment and supporting life. Here's a simplified explanat...

Why Deforestation Happens: Deforestation refers to the clearing or disappearance of forests, and it’s not a new issue. I...

Sleepers on the Tracks In the early 19th century, England faced a significant problem: the oak forests were disappearin...

Plantations During the colonial period, large areas of natural forests were cleared to create plantations for tea, cof...

The Rise of Commercial Forestry in India The British colonial government recognized the importance of forests for their...

How the Lives of People Were Affected The lives of people living in forest areas were significantly impacted by coloni...

Who could Hunt? The introduction of new forest laws had a significant impact on hunting practices and the lives of fore...

New Trades, New Employments, and New Services The control of forests by the forest department led to both losses and ne...

Rebellion in the Forest: Bastar and Its People In many regions of India, forest communities stood up against the change...

The Fears of the People of Bastar i. Colonial Government Actions (1905): The colonial government decided to reserve two...

Forest Transformations in Java i. Historical Background: Java, an island in Indonesia, was once mostly covered with for...

The Woodcutters of Java i. The Kalangs Community: The Kalangs were a skilled group in Java known for their expertise in...

Dutch Scientific Forestry i. New Forest Laws: In the nineteenth century, the Dutch implemented strict forest laws in Ja...

Samin’s Challenge i. Who was Surontiko Samin? Around 1890, Surontiko Samin lived in Randublatung village, a place kno...

War and Deforestation i. Impact of World Wars: Both the First and Second World Wars had significant effects on forests...

New Developments in Forestry i. Shift in Approach: Since the 1980s, many governments in Asia and Africa have realized t...