Pastoralists in The Modern World

Pastoralists in The Modern World

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQ)

1. Who are the Gujjar Bakarwals? Ans:- They are herders of goats and sheep from Jammu and Kashmir. 2. Why do the Guj...

11. Who are the Dhangars? Ans:- The Dhangars are a pastoral community in Maharashtra who mainly herd sheep. 12. Wher...

21. How did colonial rule affect pastoralists? Ans:- Their grazing lands shrank, and their movements were restricte...

31. How did tax collection change over time? Ans:- It became more efficient, and pastoralists needed a pass to graze...

41. What do these African pastoral communities do for a living? Ans:- They raise cattle, camels, goats, sheep and do...

51. How many Africans depend on pastoralism? Ans:- Over 22 million Africans. 52. Name a few pastoral communities i...

61. What are game reserves? Ans:- Game reserves are protected areas where the Maasai could not hunt or graze their a...

71. What happened to poor pastoralists during tough times? Ans:- They often lost everything and had to look for work...

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SAQ)

1. Why do the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir move between different grazing grounds? Ans:- The Gujjar Bakarwa...

2. What does the word Maasai mean? Where are they found? Ans:- The term "Maasai" translates to "My People" and comes...

3. What do you know about the movement of the pastoralists living in the plateaus? Ans:- i. In contrast to mountain...

4. How were taxes collected by the British from the pastoralists? Ans:- (i) Taxes were imposed on land, canal water...

5. What was the Grazing Act? Or why did the pastoralists hate the Grazing Act? Ans:- Under the Grazing Act, the Brit...

6. How did poor pastoralists live without their livestock? Ans:- (i) Poor pastoralists who relied solely on their l...

7. Why did the colonial government in India pass the Criminal Tribes Act? Ans:- In 1871, the colonial government en...

8. How did poor Maasai pastoralists survive war and famines? Ans:- During wars, famines, and other difficult times,...

9. What restrictions were imposed on the pastoralists by the colonial government? Ans:- (i) Pastoral groups had to...

10. Write about banjaras in short. Ans:- i. The Banjaras were a well-known group of graziers, commonly found in the...

11. What were the social changes that occurred in the Maasai pastoral community? Ans:- Social changes in Maasai soci...

12. What did the Dhangar shepherds do after they reached the Konkan? Ans:- i. Konkan, known for its abundant rainfal...

13. Describe the various facets of pastoralism in Africa. Ans:- African pastoralism encompasses communities such as...

14. What are Gujjar mandaps? Mention some of their features. Ans:- i. Gujjar mandaps are traditional huts where the...

15. Describe how drought affects the life of pastoralists? OR What happened to the cattle when the Maasai were bound d...

16. How did the poor pastoralists in Africa adapt themselves to tide over the bad times? Ans:- The lives of poor pas...

17. Why did the colonial government pass the law Criminal Tribes Act and imposition of Grazing Tax? Ans:- The Britis...

18. Compare and contrast the life of wealthy pastoralists with that of poor pastoralists in Africa. Ans:- i. Wealt...

19. Give names of one game reserve in (i) Kenya (ii) Tanzania. Ans:- (i) Kenya: Samburu National Park/Maasai M...

20. Define the term Pastoral Nomadism. Ans:- Pastoral nomadism is a type of subsistence agriculture centered on the...

21. How did the Gujyar cattle herders of Garhwal and Kumaon go in search for pastures? Ans:- (i) The Gujjar cattle h...

22. How do the Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh manage their seasonal movement? Ans:- The Gaddi shepherds spend t...

23. What is the importance of seasonal movement for pastoral communities in the Himalayas? Ans:- Seasonal movement a...

24. How do the Dhangars of Maharashtra sustain their livelihood throughout the year? Ans:- The Dhangars of Maharasht...

25. How do the Raikas of Rajasthan manage their pastoral activities? Ans:- The Raikas of Rajasthan combine farming a...

26. How did colonial rule impact the lives of pastoralists in India? Ans:- Under colonial rule, the lives of pastora...

27. Name any four states/regions in India where pastoral nomadism is practiced. Ans:- (i) Jammu and Kashmir, (ii) Hi...

28. Name any five important pastoral nomadic communities found in India in the mountains, plains, plateau and desert reg...

29. Give names of anyone in the pastoral community of (i) Himachal Pradesh (ii) Jammu and Kashmir. Ans:- (i) Himach...

30. Name the pastoral communities of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Ans:- Pastoral communities that lived in Karnatak...

31. What was the occupation of the pastoral communities of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh? Ans:- The pastoral communit...

32. Where were the Banjaras found, and what were their occupations? Ans:- Banjaras, a well-known group of graziers,...

33. Give two factors for pastoral communities being nomadic. Ans:- Pastoral communities are nomadic because: (i) It...

34. Describe the lifestyle of the pastoralists of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Ans:- (i) Pastoralist tribes like th...

35. What do you know about the Banjaras of North India? Ans:- (i) They travel through the villages of Uttar Pradesh,...

36. How were 'Wasteland Rules' enacted? Ans:- (i) Colonial officials viewed all uncultivated land as unproductive,...

37. How were the criminal tribes controlled by the British government? Ans:- (i) Once this Act was enforced, nomadic...

38. How does drought affect the life of pastoralists? Explain Ans:- (i) Drought impacts the lives of pastoralists...

39. How were the Maasais restricted to a confined area by the colonial people? Ans:- (i) The Maasai were restricted...

40. Where have Raikas migrated after the partition of India? Ans:- In recent years they have been migrating to Harya...

41. What was the condition of Maasai after White settlements in their grazing lands? Ans:- (i) They were pushed int...

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LAQ)

1. Who were Dhangars? Give a brief assessment of their movement. Ans:- i. The Dhangars were a significant pastoral c...

2. Discuss the factors on which the life of pastoralists depend. Ans:- Pastoralists inhabit diverse landscapes, inc...

3. How did the laws enforced by the colonial government affect the lives of the pastoralists? (Imp) Ans:- i. The law...

4. Give a brief description of the Raikas and their activities. OR Describe the movement of the Raikas living in the d...

5. How do pastoralist communities in India continue to survive in spite of all odds? Ans:- i. Despite numerous chall...

6. Name the pastoral communities that live in Africa. Mention different activities they are involved in for their liveli...

7. How did the changes brought about by colonial rule affect the lives of pastoralists? Ans:- (i) The takeover of g...

8. How did the pastoralists react to the changes brought about by colonial rule? Ans:- (i) After the new boundari...

9. Comment on the closure of the forests to grazing from the standpoint of (a) a forester (b) a pastoralist. Ans:-...

10. Discuss the main characteristic features of pastoralism. Ans:- Pastoralism is a lifestyle in which people raise...

11. Discuss the lifestyle of the following pastoralists (a) The Gollas of Andhra Pradesh (b) Banjaras of Punjab (c)...

12. What effect did the colonial rule have on the pastoralists? How did this happen? Ans:- Colonial rule significan...

13. Give any four reasons to explain why Maasai community lost their grazing land? Ans:- i. Colonial Boundaries:...

14. Explain any four factors responsible for the annual movement of the Dhangars. Ans:- i. Monsoon Grazing: During...

15. Explain any four laws which were introduced by the colonial government in India which changed the lives of pastorali...

16. Give a brief assessment of the Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh. OR Describe the cycle of seasonal movement of...

17. Give two examples to illustrate how the pastoral nomads adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of availab...

18. Elaborate on the seasonal movement of Dhangars of Maharashtra. Ans:- The Dhangars of Maharashtra follow a seaso...

19. Name all the pastoral communities in India. Also mention where they lived. Ans:- i. The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jamm...

20. From the late nineteenth century, the colonial government began imposing various restrictions on the mobility of the...

21. Describe the cycle of seasonal movement of the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir. Ans:- i. The Gujjar Bakarw...

NCERT SOLUTION

1. Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of thi...

2. Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law change...

3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands. Ans:- The Maasai community lost...

4. There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities...

SUMMARY

Introduction Nomads are groups of people who live a mobile lifestyle, constantly moving to find food, water, and shelt...

Pastoral Nomads and their Movements 1.1 Life in the Mountains 1. Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir: i. The Gujja...

1.2 Life on the Plateaus, Plains, and Deserts Not all pastoralists lived in the mountains; many were found on plateaus,...

Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life The life of pastoralists under colonial rule changed drastically due to several policie...

How Did These Changes Affect the Lives of Pastoralists? ❑ Effects of Colonial Changes on Pastoralists 1. Loss of P...

How Did the Pastoralists Cope with these Changes? ❑ Coping Strategies of Pastoralists 1. Reducing Herd Sizes: Ma...

Pastoralism in Africa 1. Overview: i. Over half of the world’s pastoral population lives in Africa. ii. More than 22 m...

Loss of Grazing Lands for the Maasai 1. Historical Context: Before colonial times, Maasailand covered a large area from...

The Borders are Closed 1. Free Movement Before Colonial Rule: i. In the 19th century, African pastoralists could move f...

When Pastures Dry 1. Importance of Mobility: Pastoralists traditionally move from one place to another in search of wat...

Not All were Equally Affected 1. Social Structure Before Colonialism: i. Maasai society was divided into two main group...

Conclusion: Impact on Pastoral Communities 1. Varied Effects: Pastoral communities around the world face different chal...