Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQ)

1. What ideas spread after the French Revolution? Ans:- Ideas of freedom and equality. 2. Who had power before th...

11. What did liberals want regarding religion? Ans:- Liberals wanted all religions to be treated equally without a...

21. What is socialism? Ans:- Socialism is a set of ideas that opposes private property and aims for collective own...

31. What were the main industrial cities in Russia? Ans:- The main industrial cities were St. Petersburg and Mosco...

41. What type of government was Russia under in 1905? Ans:- Russia was an autocracy, ruled by Tsar Nicholas II wit...

51. How many Russian soldiers were killed or injured by 1917? Ans:- Over 7 million Russian soldiers were casualtie...

61. Who returned to Russia in April 1917? Ans:- Lenin returned to Russia in April 1917. 62. What were Lenin's mai...

71. What did the ship Aurora do during the uprising? Ans:- The ship Aurora shelled the Winter Palace to signal th...

81. What were the 'reds' and 'whites'? Ans:- The 'reds' were Bolsheviks, and the 'whites' were anti-Bolshevik for...

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SAQ)

1. How did the French Revolution influence ideas about social change? Ans:- The French Revolution spread new idea...

2. What were the different political views on how society should change after the French Revolution? Ans:- After...

3. What were the main beliefs of liberals in the 19th century? Ans:- Liberals wanted religious tolerance, meaning...

4. How did radicals' ideas about government and society differ from liberals? Ans:- Radicals wanted a government...

5. What were the main issues caused by industrialization for workers, and how did liberals and radicals respond to these...

6. How did nationalism play a role in the political changes in Europe during the 19th century? Ans:- Nationalism...

7. What were the main beliefs of socialists regarding private property and society? Ans:- Socialists believed tha...

8. How did Karl Marx’s ideas contribute to the development of socialism? Ans:- Karl Marx argued that industrial s...

9. Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken? Ans:- It was believed that wealthy peasants and traders in r...

10. How were conservatives opposed to radicals and liberals? Or What were the ideas of conservatives about the societa...

11. Why socialists were against the private property? Ans:- Socialists opposed private property, believing it was...

12. What contradictions existed in the USSR's development by the 1950s? Ans:- By the 1950s, the USSR had become a...

13. What was the role of the Tsar in the peasant revolt of 1905? Did the revolt fail? Discuss briefly. Ans:- Duri...

14. What different visions of the future had socialists? Or How did socialists’ visions of the future differ from one...

15. Discuss the civil war that took place in Russia after the October Revolution and its consequences. Ans:- When...

16. How did the reputation of the USSR change by the end of the twentieth century? Ans:- By the end of the twenti...

17. How did industrialisation change the lives of people in Europe? Ans:- Industrialization transformed the lives...

18. Why did socialists believe that private property was the root of all social ills of the time? Ans:- Socialis...

19. How was the year 1904 bad one for the Russian workers? Ans:- i. The year 1904 was especially tough for Russi...

20. “By the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping wit...

21. What were the main characteristics of the Russian economy and society in the early 20th century? Ans:- In the...

22. How did the working conditions differ between factories and small workshops in Russia? Ans:- Working conditio...

23. What were the social tensions among peasants and workers in Russia before the revolution? Ans:- Social tensio...

24. How did the Bolshevik Revolution inspire socialist movements worldwide? Ans:- The Bolshevik Revolution captur...

25. Why do we say that liberals during this time could not be called ‘democrats’? Ans:- Liberals opposed the unch...

26. How should society, according to liberals and radicals, develop? Ans:- Liberals and radicals were frequently...

27. Why were socialists against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills? Ans:- Those who advoc...

28. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. Ans:- In 1905, more than 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg we...

29. What effect did the war have on the industry of Russia? Ans:- Russia had very few industries, and German cont...

30. What was the basic principle of the Marxist theory? Ans:- Marx believed that workers' conditions would not im...

31. Discuss briefly the Five Years Plans. Ans:- A centralized planning process was established, where officials e...

32. Explain why did the Bolsheviks consider the Russian revolution as only the “first stage” of the revolution. An...

33. What made the Tsar the ‘Autocrat of all the Russians’? Describe the steps he took just before the Russian Revolution...

34. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? Ans:- Anti-German feelings ran deep, leading to the renaming...

35. Mention the demands of the workers who went on strike at St. Petersburg in 1904. Ans:- After four members of...

36. What was the impact of the First World War on the Russian economy? Ans:- The war resulted in large amounts of...

37. Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to improve the agriculture and economy of Russia. Ans:- Lenin nati...

38. Why did the Kerensky government become unpopular in Russia? Ans:- The Kerensky government attempted to suppre...

39. Mention any two changes introduced by Stalin in the Russian economy. How did Stalin deal with the critics? Ans...

40. How did the destruction of Russian industries after the First World War become one of the causes of resentment of pe...

41. Describe the three reforms introduced in Russia by Czar Nicholas II after the Revolution? Ans:- (i) The Tsar...

42. What were the different notions of Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives regarding the formation of the new Governme...

43. How were Russian industries badly affected by the First World War? Or The First World War had severe impact on Russi...

44. What were the three main changes observed after the October Revolution in Russia? Ans:- The three significant...

45. Why socialists were against the private property? Ans:- Socialists viewed private property as the source of a...

46. Why were socialists active in the countryside in Russia through the late nineteenth century? Ans:- i. Social...

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LAQ)

1. Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation and what were the consequences of his policies? Or What was the collectivis...

2. What were the key social and economic conditions in Russia that led to the Russian Revolution of 1917? Ans:-...

3. What were the global impacts of the Russian Revolution and how did it influence socialism in other countries? A...

4. Discuss Stalin’s collectivisation programme. OR What was Collectivisation? How did Stalin use this programme?...

5. Explain how a society, according to socialists, can operate without property. What would be the basis of socialist so...

6. How did socialism spread in Europe? Ans:- Socialism gained traction in Europe through a blend of prominent th...

7. Describe the main events of the October Revolution in Russia. Ans:- i. On October 16, 1917, Lenin persuaded...

8. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution? Ans:- i....

9. How was Kerenskii’s Provisional Government overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917? Or Why did the Kerenskii Gov...

10. Explain the main effects of the First World War on the industries in Russia. Ans:- i. During World War I, R...

11. What were the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution? OR What were the impacts of the Russian Revolution...

12. What was Stalin’s collectivisation programme? How were peasants treated who resisted his programme? Ans:- ❑...

13. Who was Lenin? What do you know about his ‘April Theses’? Why were some people in the Bolshevik Party initially surp...

14. Describe how Petrograd led the February Revolution of 1917 that brought down the monarchy in Russia. Ans:- M...

15. Discuss the role and importance of Lenin in the history of the USSR. OR Examine the role of Lenin in the Russian R...

16. Discuss the causes that led to the Revolution of 1917. OR Describe the circumstances which were responsible for R...

17. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917? Ans:...

18. Comment on the global influence of the Russian Revolution. OR What were the international consequences of the Russ...

19. How did Russia's participation in the World War cause the fall of the Tsar? Ans:- i. The war initially garn...

20. What were the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution? Ans:- i. The Russian army began to disinteg...

21. What was Bloody Sunday? Or Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’? State any two events after the Bloody Sun...

22. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905? Ans:- A. Social Conditions...

23. Enlist the factors that led to the 1905 Revolution in Russia. What were its consequences? Ans:- i. Several fa...

24. Mention the positive and negative aspects of the Bolshevik government on Soviet Union and its people. Ans:- ❑...

25. What steps were taken to improve the condition of factory workers and peasants in Russia after the civil war?...

26. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and radicals in Europe (take the time period after the French Revolu...

27. What was Lenin's April Theses? Why were some members of the Bolshevik Party surprised by the April Theses? What made...

28. Discuss the relationship between peasants and nobles in Russia during the early 19th century. Ans:- In Russia...

29. Who were liberals? What were their political and social ideologies? Ans:- i. One of the groups aiming to tran...

30. How were the critics of planned economy and collectivisation treated by Stalin’s and his sympathizers? Ans:-...

NCERT SOLUTION

1. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905? Ans:- The following were the...

2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917? Ans:...

3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? Ans:- i. Widespread discontent emerged against the Tsar's a...

4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main eve...

5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution? Ans:- i...

6. Write a few lines to show what you know about (a) Kulaks (b) The Duma (c) Women workers Between 1900 and 1930 (d) Th...

SUMMARY

The Age of Social Changes 1. Ideas of Freedom and Equality After the French Revolution: The French Revolution spread ne...

Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives These three groups—Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives—had different ideas abo...

Industrial Society and Social Change The early 19th century was a time of significant political, social, and economic c...

The Coming of Socialism to Europe By the mid-19th century, socialism had become a well-known set of ideas in Europe, gai...

Support for Socialism 1. Formation of the Second International: i. Purpose: To unite socialists across different count...

The Russian Empire in 1914 In 1914, the Russian Empire was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. Here are some key points about...

Economy and Society in Early 20th Century Russia In the early 20th century, Russia was predominantly an agricultural...

Socialism in Russia 1. Political Repression: Before 1914, all political parties were illegal in Russia. The governmen...

A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution 1. Autocracy in Russia: Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, who had absolute p...

The First World War and Russia 1. War Outbreak: In 1914, World War I began between two alliances: the Central Powers (...

The February Revolution in Petrograd 1. Grim Conditions: i. In winter 1917, Petrograd faced harsh living conditions. ii...

Influence in the Provisional Government The Provisional Government included army officials, landowners, and industriali...

The October Revolution of 1917 1. Growing Tension: The conflict between the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks...

Changes After October Revolution: 1. Opposition to Private Property: i. The Bolsheviks opposed private property. ii. Mo...

The Civil War in Russia 1. Land Redistribution: When the Bolsheviks ordered land to be given to peasants, many soldiers...

Making a Socialist Society i. Nationalisation: The Bolsheviks kept control of industries and banks, meaning they owned...

Stalinism and Collectivization 1. Grain Shortages: By 1927-1928, Soviet towns had serious grain supply problems. The go...

Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR 1. Mixed Reactions in Europe: Existing socialist parties in Eur...