Working of Institutions

Working of Institutions

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQ)

1. What was the date of the government order? Ans:- August 13, 1990. 2. What is the reference number of the Offi...

11. When did the Union Cabinet formally decide to implement the Mandal Commission's recommendations? Ans:- August...

21. Why are institutions important in a democracy? Ans:- They clarify responsibilities and ensure government acti...

31. What is Parliament in a democracy? Ans:- Parliament is an assembly of elected representatives that makes deci...

41. Can Rajya Sabha reject a money bill? Ans:- No, Rajya Sabha can only delay a money bill for 14 days or suggest...

51. What is the political executive? Ans:- The political executive is made up of elected representatives who make...

61. What is the role of civil servants? Ans:- Civil servants assist the political executive in day-to-day administ...

71. Who is the head of the government in India? Ans:- The Prime Minister. 72. What does the Prime Minister do in...

81. What powers does the President hold? Ans:- The President holds nominal powers and acts on the advice of the C...

91. How are judges appointed in India? Ans:- Judges are appointed by the President, based on the advice of senior...

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SAQ)

1. Why are political institutions essential for the functioning of a democracy? Ans:- Political institutions are...

2. What are some challenges and benefits of working with political institutions? Ans:- Working with political ins...

3. What is the difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in terms of power and function? Ans:- Lok Sabha is mo...

4. How does the Rajya Sabha function differently from the Lok Sabha? Ans:- Rajya Sabha is the permanent House of...

5. What are the main differences between the political executive and the permanent executive? Ans:- The political...

6. Why does the political executive have the final say in decisions despite the expertise of civil servants? Ans:-...

7. What is the role of the Prime Minister and how are they appointed in India? Ans:- The Prime Minister is the mo...

8. What is the structure of the Council of Ministers, and what are the different types of ministers? Ans:- The Co...

9. State how the delays and complications introduced by the institutions are very useful in a democracy. Ans:-...

10. Even though civil servants are far more educated and have expert knowledge on various subjects, why does the ultimat...

11. Who appoints the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, and on what basis? Ans:- i. The Prime Ministe...

12. In which way do the cabinet ministers exercise more powers than the other ministers? Ans:- i. Cabinet minist...

13. What is Impeachment Motion? Ans:- i. A judge can only be removed if two-thirds of the members in both Houses...

14. In our country, the Parliament consists of two Houses. Describe briefly these two Houses. Ans:- i. The two Ho...

15. Why is the Prime Minister the most powerful man in the government? Explain. Ans:- The Prime Minister has m...

16. What was the objective of the Mandal Commission? Mention one of the recommendations that it make in its report....

17. What are the limitations of the Prime Minister in coalition government? Ans:- The rise of coalition governmen...

18. What is the role of the two Houses of Parliament? Ans:- i. In India, Parliament has two Houses. ii. The two...

19. Give the brief description of the Council of Ministers. Ans:- The Council of Ministers is the official name f...

20. Does the President exercise his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers? Ans:- i. The President ca...

21. Give three differences between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Ans:- i. The Lok Sabha usually lasts for...

22. How is the President elected in our country? Ans:- In our country, the President is not chosen directly by th...

23. What are the powers of the Prime Minister? Describe any three. Ans:- As the head of the government, the Pri...

24. What was the reaction of the people to the implementation of Mandal Commission Report? Ans:- The implementat...

25. Write about some of the activities involved in governing a country. Ans:- Running a country includes many ac...

26. Explain the difference between Political Executive and Permanent Executive. Ans:- In a democratic country,...

27. Under what circumstances does the President exercise his discretion in the appointment of the Prime Minister? Who ap...

29. In what ways does the Parliament exercise political authority? Explain. Ans:- Parliament is the final auth...

30. What are the discretionary powers of the President? Ans:- The President chooses the Prime Minister. When a p...

31. How can you say that in India courts are independent of the legislature and the executive? Ans:- In India, we...

32. Which two categories constitute the executive in a democratic country? Ans:- i. Political Executive: This is...

33. What is the importance of civil servants in running the government? Ans:- i. Civil servants usually have hig...

34. How is the President of India elected? Ans:- i. The President is not chosen directly by the people. ii. A...

35. What does 'independence of judiciary' mean? Ans:- i. The Judiciary is independent and not controlled by the...

36. How is the Prime Minister appointed in our country? Ans:- i. The Prime Minister is the most important politic...

37. How has the rise of coalition politics imposed constraints on the power of the Prime Minister? Ans:- i. Th...

38. How did the Supreme Court address the legal challenges to the Office Memorandum regarding job reservations? An...

39. What is the procedure for the removal of the judges? Ans:- i. The process to remove a judge is called impe...

40. Write about the process of appointment and removal of a judge of Supreme Court. Ans:- i. The President app...

41. Why are political institutions important? Give any three points. Ans:- Running a country involves many acti...

42. How is the judicial system organised in India? Mention its major function. Ans:- An independent and strong...

43. What do you understand by Public Interest Litigation? Ans:- i. Recently, the courts have made several decisi...

44. Which of the two Houses is more powerful? Ans:- i. It may seem like the Rajya Sabha has more power because i...

45. What does executive mean? Ans:- i. In every government, there are people who make daily decisions but do not...

46. How are ministers appointed? Ans:- i. The ministers usually come from the party or group that has the most...

47. Who forms the cabinet? Ans:- i. The Cabinet is made up of the top leaders from the ruling party or parties w...

48. What does 'integration of judiciary' mean? Ans:- This means that the Supreme Court oversees the judicial sys...

49. What is the tenure of the President in India? Mention the qualifications for President of India. Ans:- The...

50. What is a coalition government? Why the Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes?...

51. ‘‘Parliament is the supreme legislature of India.’’ Justify the statement. Ans:- i. In all democracies, a...

52. Enlist the disputes that can be taken by the Supreme Court. Ans:- The Supreme Court can handle these types of...

53. Explain the composition of the council of ministers. Ans:- i. After the Prime Minister is appointed, the...

54. Under what condition can a state of emergency be declared in India? Explain. Ans:- A state of emergency can...

55. Why is an independent and powerful judiciary considered essential for democracies? Ans:- i. Judicial indepen...

56. How is the Prime Minister elected? Ans:- i. The Prime Minister is the most important person in the countr...

57. In which ways does the Parliament exercise political authority on behalf of the people? Ans:- (i) Parliament...

58. What are the two categories that make up the executive? Describe them. Ans:- In a democratic country, the exe...

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LAQ)

1. What are the powers of the Supreme Court? Ans:- The Supreme Court controls the judicial administration of the...

2. What are the powers and functions of the Prime Minister of India? Ans:- The Prime Minister of India is the lea...

3. How did people react to the decision to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission? Ans:- i. The d...

4. In what ways does the Lok Sabha exercise more powers than the Rajya Sabha? Ans:- i. Any ordinary law must be a...

5. Write any three powers of the Prime Minister? Ans:- The Prime Minister is the most important political leader...

6. How are the Council of Ministers categorised? Ans:- The Council of Ministers is divided into three groups: i....

7. Who resolved the dispute of the Mandal Commission? How did it materialise later on? Ans:- i. Some people an...

8. What were the key steps leading to the issuance of the Office Memorandum on job reservations for Socially and Educati...

9. Discuss the powers and functions of the Parliament. Ans:- i. Parliament is the main authority for making law...

10. Which house of the parliament is more powerful in India and why? Give any four reasons for it. Ans:- Rajya S...

11. What powers rest with the Prime Minister of India? Ans:- As the head of the government, the Prime Minister...

12. In what different ways does Parliament exercise political authority on behalf of the people? Ans:- In all dem...

13. Write two ways in which it can be proved that the President does not have any real powers. What can the President re...

14. Describe any four constitutional provisions for making judiciary independent. Ans:- Independence of the jud...

15. Describe the ways in which Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha. Ans:- i. A regular law must be appro...

16. Give a detailed description of the powers of the President of India. Ans:- The President is the elected leade...

17. What is the 'Office Memorandum'? Give example. Ans:- i. This order announced an important policy change. ii....

18. Name the three institutions that play a key role in major decisions in a democratic country. How do these institutio...

19. Why was the Mandal Commission appointed by the Indian government? Ans:- i. The Government of India set up the...

20. How can you say that the President occupies the position of a nominal head of the State? Ans:- The President...

21. What developments took place after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission? Ans:- i. The President of I...

NCERT SOLUTION

1. If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decisions can you take on your own? (a) Select t...

5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:...

6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the...

7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give...

8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in...

9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political...

10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the j...

SUMMARY

Overview of Democracy and Institutions 1. Understanding Democracy: i. Democracy involves more than just people voting f...

How Is a Major Policy Decision Taken? 1. Date and Nature of the Order: i. On August 13, 1990, the Government of Indi...

The Decision Makers Behind the Office Memorandum 1. Authority for the Order: i. The Office Memorandum was not just dec...

Need for Political Institutions 1. Role of Government: i. The government is responsible for ensuring the security of c...

Role of Parliament in the Office Memorandum 1. Indirect Role of Parliament: i. The decision to issue the Office Memora...

Why Do We Need a Parliament? 1. Representation of the People: i. In a democracy, elected representatives make decision...

The Two Houses of Parliament in India 1. Parliament's Structure: Most large democracies have two parts (or Houses) in...

Political Executive 1. Executive and Decision-Making: The person who signed the Office Memorandum didn’t make the decis...

Political and Permanent Executive 1. Political Executive: i. Definition: This group includes elected representatives, l...

Prime Minister and Council of Ministers 1. Role of the Prime Minister: i. The Prime Minister is the most important poli...

Powers of the Prime Minister 1. Head of Government: The Prime Minister is the main leader of the government and holds s...

President 1. Role of the President: i. Head of State: The President is the ceremonial head of the State, while the Pri...

Judiciary 1. Role of Judiciary: i. The judiciary is essential in a democracy to ensure justice. ii. It consists of cou...